豆瓣菜Nasturtium officinale R. Br.

别名：watercress;水蔊菜;水生菜;水田荠;秋俄;荷兰芥;凉菜;水白菜;水田芥;西洋菜干;无心菜;水田菜;西洋菜;

科名：十字花科 Brassicaceae

属名：豆瓣菜属 Nasturtium

《中国植物志》第33卷311页
  1. 豆瓣菜（植物名实图考）西洋菜（广东通称，上海蔬菜品种志）、水田芥（拉汉种子植物名称）、水蔊菜（经济植物手册）、水生菜（河北） 图版87：1-4
  Nasturtium officinale R. Br. in Ait Hort. Kew ed. 2. 4, 110. 1812; DC. Prodr. 1: 137. 1824; Hook. f. et Thoms. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 5: 138. 1861; Hook. f. T. Anders. in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 133. 1872; O. E. Schulz in Act. Hort. Gothobg. 1: 159. 1924; Vass. in Kom. Fl. URSS 8: 143. 1939; 经济植物手册上册461. 1955; 广州植物志116. 1956; 高等植物图鉴2: 58. 图1845. 1972; 秦岭植物志1: 383. 图329. 1974. ——Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L. Sp. Pl. 2: 657. 1753. ——Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek Sched. Fl. Stir. Exs. 22. 1905.
  多年生水生草本，高20-40厘米，全体光滑无毛。茎匍匐或浮水生，多分枝，节上生不定根。单数羽状复叶，小叶片3-7（-9）枚，宽卵形、长圆形或近圆形，顶端1片较大，长2-3厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，钝头或微凹，近全缘或呈浅波状，基部截平，小叶柄细而扁，侧生小叶与顶生的相似，基部不等称，叶柄基部成耳状，略抱茎。总状花序顶生，花多数；萼片长卵形，长2-3毫米，宽约1毫米，边缘膜质，基部略呈囊状；花瓣白色，倒卵形或宽是形，具脉纹，长3-4毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，顶端圆，基部渐狭成细爪。长角果圆柱形而扁，长15-20毫米，宽1.5-2毫米；果柄纤细，开展或微弯；花柱短。种子每室2行。卵形，直径约1毫米，红褐色，表面具网纹。花期4-5月，果期6-7月。
  产黑龙江、河北、山西、山东、河南、安徽、江苏、广东、广西、陕西、四川、贵州、云南、西藏。栽培或野生，喜生水中，水沟边、山涧河边、沼泽地或水田中，海拔850-3700米处均可生长。欧洲、亚洲及北美均有分布。模式标本采自英国。
  广东及广西部分地区常栽培作蔬菜；全草也可药用，有解热、利尿的效能。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 8 (2001)
Nasturtium officinale  R. Brown
豆瓣菜   dou ban cai
Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 657. 1753; Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Linnaeus) Hayek.
Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, aquatic, 10-70(-200) cm tall, glabrous throughout or sparsely pubescent with simple trichomes. Stems decumbent or prostrate, erect in emergent plants, branched above, rooting at proximal nodes. Leaves all cauline, pinnately compound, 3-9(-13)-foliolate; petiole auriculate at base; terminal leaflet suborbicular or oblong, 1-4 cm, base obtuse, cuneate, or subcordate, margin entire or repand, apex obtuse; lateral leaflets smaller, usually sessile. Fruiting pedicels slender, divaricate or recurved, 5-12(-20) mm. Sepals oblong, 2-3.5 mm, lateral pair slightly saccate. Petals white or pink, spatulate or obovate, 2.8-4.5(-6) × 1.5-25 mm, apex rounded; claw ca. 1 mm. Filaments white, 2-3.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 0.6 mm. Fruit cylindric, 1-1.5(-2) cm × (1.8-)2-2.5(-3) mm; valves with an obscure midvein; style 0.5-1(-1.5) mm. Seeds biseriate, ovoid, 1-1.3 × 0.7-1 mm, reddish brown, coarsely reticulate, with 25-50(-60) areolae on each side. Fl. Apr-Sep, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 32*.
Streams, ditches, lakes, swamps, marshes; near sea level to 3700 m. Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan [native to SW Asia and Europe; widely naturalized elsewhere].
Cultivated as a vegetable and used medicinally.