石果鹤虱Lappula spinocarpos (Forssk.) Aschers. ex Kuntze
石果鹤虱Lappula spinocarpos (Forssk.) Aschers. ex Kuntze
1．石果鹤虱（中国高等植物图鉴）图版34：1-3
Lappula spinocarpos (Forssk.) Aschers. ex Kuntze in Acta Hort. Petrop. 10: 215. 1887; M. Pop. in Fl. URSS 19: 418. 1953; Голоск. в Фл. Казахст. 7: 214. pl. 26, f. l. 1964; Riedl in Reching Fl. Iranica 48: 69. 1967; Kazmi in Journ. Arn. Arb. 51: 500. 1970;中国高等植物图鉴3:568. 图5090. 1974.——Anchusa spinocarpos Forssk. Fl. Aegypt. -Arab. 41. 1775.——Echinospermum vahlianum Lehm. Pl. Asperif. 1: 132. 1818; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 162. 1847-1849.——E. spinocarpos (Forssk.) Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 249. 1875. ——Sclerocaryopsis spinocarpos (Forssk.) Brand in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV. 252 (Heft 97): 95. 1931.
一年生小草本。茎直立，高3-12厘米，常自基部分枝或在中部以上分枝，上方分枝叉状向斜上方开展，密生白色短伏毛。基生叶丛生，带灰绿色，匙状线形，长达3厘米，宽达4毫米，先端钝，基部渐狭，常沿中肋折叠，两面均被具基盘的糙伏毛；茎生叶似基生叶但较小。花小，具短而粗的花梗；花萼5裂至基部，裂片花期长3-4毫米，与花冠近等长，果期长5-6毫米，较果实长，被短硬毛；花冠蓝紫色，檐部较短，向斜上方开展，5个附属物生于喉部之下。小坚果4，卵形，长3.5-4毫米，果皮坚硬，灰白色，有光泽，腹面的棱脊与雌蕊基相结合，果熟后亦难分离，背面基部宽展故小坚果的两侧边缘相互靠合，上部分离并具深窝，下部有少数乳状突起，乳突顶端有退化的锚状刺，背面两侧边缘互相靠近，形成1纵缝；雌蕊基锥状，高出果实之上约1.5毫米，花柱短，生于雌蕊基的上方。花期5-6月，果期6-7月。
产新疆。生准噶尔盆地戈壁滩或荒漠中的假木贼和小蓬灌丛中，山前台地亦有生长。亚洲西部，欧洲东部，非洲北部均有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Lappula spinocarpos (Forssk?l) Ascherson ex Kuntze
石果鹤虱 shi guo he shi
Anchusa spinocarpos Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 41. 1775; Echinospermum spinocarpos (Forsskål) Boissier; E. vahlianum Lehmann; Sclerocaryopsis spinocarpos (Fors-skål) Brand.
Herbs annual. Stems erect, frequently branched from base or above middle, 3-12 cm tall, densely short appressed white pubescent; branches ascending. Basal leaves grayish green, spatulate-linear, to 3 cm × 4 mm, strigose, hairs discoid at base, base attenuate, apex obtuse; stem leaves smaller. Pedicel short, stout. Calyx lobes 3-4 mm, to 5-6 mm in fruit, minutely hispid. Corolla blue-purple, 3-4 mm; limb appendaged below throat. Gynobase subulate, surpassing nutlets by ca. 1.5 mm. Style short, exceeding gynobase. Nutlets gray-white, ovoid, 3.5-4 mm, pericarp firm, shiny; adaxially coherent to gynobase by entire rib, not easily separated; disc expanded at base, lower part with a few rudimentary glochids. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Jul.
Marshes, Anabasis and Nanophyton thickets, occasionally mountain terraces. Xinjiang (Zhungeer Basin) [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uz-bekistan; N Africa, SW and W Asia, E Europe].
科名：紫草科 Boraginaceae
属名：鹤虱属 Lappula
1．石果鹤虱（中国高等植物图鉴）图版34：1-3
Lappula spinocarpos (Forssk.) Aschers. ex Kuntze in Acta Hort. Petrop. 10: 215. 1887; M. Pop. in Fl. URSS 19: 418. 1953; Голоск. в Фл. Казахст. 7: 214. pl. 26, f. l. 1964; Riedl in Reching Fl. Iranica 48: 69. 1967; Kazmi in Journ. Arn. Arb. 51: 500. 1970;中国高等植物图鉴3:568. 图5090. 1974.——Anchusa spinocarpos Forssk. Fl. Aegypt. -Arab. 41. 1775.——Echinospermum vahlianum Lehm. Pl. Asperif. 1: 132. 1818; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 3: 162. 1847-1849.——E. spinocarpos (Forssk.) Boiss. Fl. Orient. 4: 249. 1875. ——Sclerocaryopsis spinocarpos (Forssk.) Brand in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV. 252 (Heft 97): 95. 1931.
一年生小草本。茎直立，高3-12厘米，常自基部分枝或在中部以上分枝，上方分枝叉状向斜上方开展，密生白色短伏毛。基生叶丛生，带灰绿色，匙状线形，长达3厘米，宽达4毫米，先端钝，基部渐狭，常沿中肋折叠，两面均被具基盘的糙伏毛；茎生叶似基生叶但较小。花小，具短而粗的花梗；花萼5裂至基部，裂片花期长3-4毫米，与花冠近等长，果期长5-6毫米，较果实长，被短硬毛；花冠蓝紫色，檐部较短，向斜上方开展，5个附属物生于喉部之下。小坚果4，卵形，长3.5-4毫米，果皮坚硬，灰白色，有光泽，腹面的棱脊与雌蕊基相结合，果熟后亦难分离，背面基部宽展故小坚果的两侧边缘相互靠合，上部分离并具深窝，下部有少数乳状突起，乳突顶端有退化的锚状刺，背面两侧边缘互相靠近，形成1纵缝；雌蕊基锥状，高出果实之上约1.5毫米，花柱短，生于雌蕊基的上方。花期5-6月，果期6-7月。
产新疆。生准噶尔盆地戈壁滩或荒漠中的假木贼和小蓬灌丛中，山前台地亦有生长。亚洲西部，欧洲东部，非洲北部均有分布。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 16 (1995)
Lappula spinocarpos (Forssk?l) Ascherson ex Kuntze
石果鹤虱 shi guo he shi
Anchusa spinocarpos Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 41. 1775; Echinospermum spinocarpos (Forsskål) Boissier; E. vahlianum Lehmann; Sclerocaryopsis spinocarpos (Fors-skål) Brand.
Herbs annual. Stems erect, frequently branched from base or above middle, 3-12 cm tall, densely short appressed white pubescent; branches ascending. Basal leaves grayish green, spatulate-linear, to 3 cm × 4 mm, strigose, hairs discoid at base, base attenuate, apex obtuse; stem leaves smaller. Pedicel short, stout. Calyx lobes 3-4 mm, to 5-6 mm in fruit, minutely hispid. Corolla blue-purple, 3-4 mm; limb appendaged below throat. Gynobase subulate, surpassing nutlets by ca. 1.5 mm. Style short, exceeding gynobase. Nutlets gray-white, ovoid, 3.5-4 mm, pericarp firm, shiny; adaxially coherent to gynobase by entire rib, not easily separated; disc expanded at base, lower part with a few rudimentary glochids. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jun-Jul.
Marshes, Anabasis and Nanophyton thickets, occasionally mountain terraces. Xinjiang (Zhungeer Basin) [Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uz-bekistan; N Africa, SW and W Asia, E Europe].