珠芽狗脊Woodwardia prolifera Hook. et Arn.
珠芽狗脊Woodwardia prolifera Hook. et Arn.
2. 珠芽狗脊 多子东方狗脊（中国主要植物图说）、台湾狗脊蕨（台湾植物志）、胎生狗脊、胎生狗脊蕨
Woodwardia prolifera Hook. et Arn. in Bot. Beech. Voy. 275, t. 56. 1836-40; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39: 105. 1925; P. S. Chiu in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 12 (2): 244. 1974; Nakaike, New Fl. Jap. Pterid. 591, f. 591. 1982. ——Woodwardia radicans var. prolifera C. Chr. Ind, Fil. 658. 1905. ——Woodwardia orientalis var. prolifera Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 2: 4. 1931 et Icon. Fil. Sin. 3: pl. 116, f. 4-5. 1935; C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 196. 1934. ——Woodwardia orientalis var. formosana Ros. in Hedwigia 56: 334. 1914; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 159. 1919; Tagawa in Acta Phytotax, et Geobot. 5 (3): 173. 1936; H.Ito, Fil. Jap. Illustr. t. 104. 1944; DeVol in Notes Bot. Chin. Mus. Heude no. 7. 106. 1945; Tagawa, Illustr. Jap. Pterid. 144, pl. 60, f. 320-b. 1959; P. S. Chiu in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 12 (2): 244. 1974; W. L. Chiou et al. in T. C. Huang, Fl. Taiwan, sec. ed. 1: 278, pl. 119. 1994. ——Woodwardia angustiloba Hance in Journ. Bot. 6: 176. 1868. ——Woodwardia exaltata Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35: 149. 1921. ——Woodwardia orientalis auct. non Sw. 1801: Hook. Sp. Fil. 3: 68. 1860, p. p.; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. 188. 1874, p. p.
植株高70-230厘米。根状茎横卧，黑褐色，与叶柄下部密被蓬松的大鳞片；鳞片狭披针形或线状披针形，长2-4厘米，先端纤维状，红棕色，膜质，全缘或略具一二卷曲的缘毛。叶近生；柄粗壮，长30-110厘米，下部粗5-15毫米，褐色，向上为棕禾秆色且鳞片逐渐稀疏，鳞片脱落后常留下弯拱短线形的鳞痕，叶柄脱落时基部宿存于根状茎上；叶片长卵形或椭圆形，长35-120厘米，宽30-40厘米，先端渐尖，二回深羽裂达羽轴两侧的狭翅；羽片5-9 (-13)对，对生或上部的互生，斜展，偶有斜向上，彼此密接，有极短柄，基部一对羽片略缩短，通常第二对较长，披针形，长16-20 (36)厘米，宽4.5-6 (-17) 厘米，先端长渐尖或尾尖，基部极不对称，一回深羽裂；裂片10-14 (-24) 对，略斜向上，疏离或接近（裂片间弯缺的宽狭视生境不同而有差异），披针形或线状披针形，渐尖头，基部以阔翅相连，边缘有细密锯齿，干后反卷，上部裂片上下侧的均等长，中部裂片则上侧的较长，而下部裂片则上侧的特长，长3-6.5(-9) 厘米，中部宽5-9毫米，基部上侧一片略缩短，基部沿羽轴下延，羽片基部下侧斜切，缺失1-4片裂片。叶脉明显，羽轴及主脉均隆起，与叶轴同为棕禾秆色或棕色，沿羽轴及主脉两侧各有1行整齐的狭长网眼，其外尚有1-2行不整齐的多角形小网眼，向外的小脉分离，单一或分叉，直达叶边。叶革质，干后棕色或棕绿色，无毛，沿羽轴下面偶有少数纤维状的棕色小鳞片，羽片上面通常产生小珠芽。孢子囊群粗短，形似新月形，先端略向外弯，着生于主脉两侧的狭长网眼上，深陷叶肉内，在叶上面形成清晰的印痕；囊群盖同形，薄纸质，隆起，开向主脉，宿存。染色体2n＝68。
广布于广西、广东、湖南、江西、安徽（黄山）、浙江、福建及台湾。生低海拔丘陵或坡地的疏林下阴湿地方或溪边，喜酸性土，海拔100-1 100米。也分布于日本南部。模式标本产地：日本（冲绳）。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Woodwardia prolifera Hooker & Arnott Bot. Beechey Voy. 275. 1838.
珠芽狗脊 zhu ya gou ji
Woodwardia angustiloba Hance; W. exaltata Nakai; W. orientalis Swartz var. formosana Rosenstock; W. orientalis var. prolifera (Hooker & Arnott) Ching; W. prolifera var. formosana (Rosenstock) Ching.
Rhizome decumbent, dark brown, stout, densely scaly; scales red-brown, lanceolate, 2-4 cm, membranous, entire or with a few teeth, fibriform. Stipes close, 30-110 cm, 3-15 mm in diam., base densely scaly; upper part of stipe and rachis sparsely covered with brown, broadly lanceolate scales, surface rough with scale scars; lamina deeply bipinnatifid, brown or slightly green when dry, oblong-ovate or elliptic, 35-120 × 30-40 cm, leathery, glabrous, apex acuminate; pinnae 5-9(-13) pairs, shortly stalked, lanceolate; lower and middle pinnae 10-30 × 4-9 cm, deeply pinnatifid to 1-2 mm from costa, base asymmetrical with 1-3 basiscopic lobes lacking, apex long acuminate or caudate; lobes 10-14(-24) pairs, close or separate, oblique, oblong-lanceolate, 3-7(-9) × 0.5-0.9 cm, slightly narrowed to base, margin cuspidately serrulate, occasionally lobed, apex long acuminate or caudate; veins obvious, anastomosing with 1 row of areoles along costae and 2 or 3 rows of discrete, polygonal areoles, free distally, simple or forked. Leaf-bearing bulbils small and usually abundant on adaxial surfaces of pinna lobes. Sori occupying costular areoles, crescent-shaped or elliptic, sunken in rimmed depressions; indusia dark brown, thickly papery. 2n = 68.
Mountain slopes, open and wet places in sparse forests, near streams; 100-1100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan].
Herbarium and field observations of Woodwardia prolifera show that there is ecological variation in the frequency of bulbils on the lamina; some mature fronds are not bulbiliferous.The name “Woodwardia radicans (Linnaeus) Smith var. prolifera C. Christensen, Index Filic. 658. 1905” (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 244. 1974; and FPRS 4(2): 201. 1999) appears to be a mistaken joining of the end of one line “= W. radicans var.” with the beginning of another, the next species in the list, “prolifera.”
别名：东方狗脊蕨;多子东方狗脊;胎生狗脊;胎生狗脊蕨;台湾狗脊蕨;
科名：乌毛蕨科 Blechnaceae
属名：狗脊属 Woodwardia
2. 珠芽狗脊 多子东方狗脊（中国主要植物图说）、台湾狗脊蕨（台湾植物志）、胎生狗脊、胎生狗脊蕨
Woodwardia prolifera Hook. et Arn. in Bot. Beech. Voy. 275, t. 56. 1836-40; Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 39: 105. 1925; P. S. Chiu in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 12 (2): 244. 1974; Nakaike, New Fl. Jap. Pterid. 591, f. 591. 1982. ——Woodwardia radicans var. prolifera C. Chr. Ind, Fil. 658. 1905. ——Woodwardia orientalis var. prolifera Ching in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 2: 4. 1931 et Icon. Fil. Sin. 3: pl. 116, f. 4-5. 1935; C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. 3: 196. 1934. ——Woodwardia orientalis var. formosana Ros. in Hedwigia 56: 334. 1914; Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8: 159. 1919; Tagawa in Acta Phytotax, et Geobot. 5 (3): 173. 1936; H.Ito, Fil. Jap. Illustr. t. 104. 1944; DeVol in Notes Bot. Chin. Mus. Heude no. 7. 106. 1945; Tagawa, Illustr. Jap. Pterid. 144, pl. 60, f. 320-b. 1959; P. S. Chiu in Acta Phytotax. Sinica 12 (2): 244. 1974; W. L. Chiou et al. in T. C. Huang, Fl. Taiwan, sec. ed. 1: 278, pl. 119. 1994. ——Woodwardia angustiloba Hance in Journ. Bot. 6: 176. 1868. ——Woodwardia exaltata Nakai in Bot. Mag. Tokyo 35: 149. 1921. ——Woodwardia orientalis auct. non Sw. 1801: Hook. Sp. Fil. 3: 68. 1860, p. p.; Hook. et Bak. Syn. Fil. 188. 1874, p. p.
植株高70-230厘米。根状茎横卧，黑褐色，与叶柄下部密被蓬松的大鳞片；鳞片狭披针形或线状披针形，长2-4厘米，先端纤维状，红棕色，膜质，全缘或略具一二卷曲的缘毛。叶近生；柄粗壮，长30-110厘米，下部粗5-15毫米，褐色，向上为棕禾秆色且鳞片逐渐稀疏，鳞片脱落后常留下弯拱短线形的鳞痕，叶柄脱落时基部宿存于根状茎上；叶片长卵形或椭圆形，长35-120厘米，宽30-40厘米，先端渐尖，二回深羽裂达羽轴两侧的狭翅；羽片5-9 (-13)对，对生或上部的互生，斜展，偶有斜向上，彼此密接，有极短柄，基部一对羽片略缩短，通常第二对较长，披针形，长16-20 (36)厘米，宽4.5-6 (-17) 厘米，先端长渐尖或尾尖，基部极不对称，一回深羽裂；裂片10-14 (-24) 对，略斜向上，疏离或接近（裂片间弯缺的宽狭视生境不同而有差异），披针形或线状披针形，渐尖头，基部以阔翅相连，边缘有细密锯齿，干后反卷，上部裂片上下侧的均等长，中部裂片则上侧的较长，而下部裂片则上侧的特长，长3-6.5(-9) 厘米，中部宽5-9毫米，基部上侧一片略缩短，基部沿羽轴下延，羽片基部下侧斜切，缺失1-4片裂片。叶脉明显，羽轴及主脉均隆起，与叶轴同为棕禾秆色或棕色，沿羽轴及主脉两侧各有1行整齐的狭长网眼，其外尚有1-2行不整齐的多角形小网眼，向外的小脉分离，单一或分叉，直达叶边。叶革质，干后棕色或棕绿色，无毛，沿羽轴下面偶有少数纤维状的棕色小鳞片，羽片上面通常产生小珠芽。孢子囊群粗短，形似新月形，先端略向外弯，着生于主脉两侧的狭长网眼上，深陷叶肉内，在叶上面形成清晰的印痕；囊群盖同形，薄纸质，隆起，开向主脉，宿存。染色体2n＝68。
广布于广西、广东、湖南、江西、安徽（黄山）、浙江、福建及台湾。生低海拔丘陵或坡地的疏林下阴湿地方或溪边，喜酸性土，海拔100-1 100米。也分布于日本南部。模式标本产地：日本（冲绳）。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 2-3 (2013)
Woodwardia prolifera Hooker & Arnott Bot. Beechey Voy. 275. 1838.
珠芽狗脊 zhu ya gou ji
Woodwardia angustiloba Hance; W. exaltata Nakai; W. orientalis Swartz var. formosana Rosenstock; W. orientalis var. prolifera (Hooker & Arnott) Ching; W. prolifera var. formosana (Rosenstock) Ching.
Rhizome decumbent, dark brown, stout, densely scaly; scales red-brown, lanceolate, 2-4 cm, membranous, entire or with a few teeth, fibriform. Stipes close, 30-110 cm, 3-15 mm in diam., base densely scaly; upper part of stipe and rachis sparsely covered with brown, broadly lanceolate scales, surface rough with scale scars; lamina deeply bipinnatifid, brown or slightly green when dry, oblong-ovate or elliptic, 35-120 × 30-40 cm, leathery, glabrous, apex acuminate; pinnae 5-9(-13) pairs, shortly stalked, lanceolate; lower and middle pinnae 10-30 × 4-9 cm, deeply pinnatifid to 1-2 mm from costa, base asymmetrical with 1-3 basiscopic lobes lacking, apex long acuminate or caudate; lobes 10-14(-24) pairs, close or separate, oblique, oblong-lanceolate, 3-7(-9) × 0.5-0.9 cm, slightly narrowed to base, margin cuspidately serrulate, occasionally lobed, apex long acuminate or caudate; veins obvious, anastomosing with 1 row of areoles along costae and 2 or 3 rows of discrete, polygonal areoles, free distally, simple or forked. Leaf-bearing bulbils small and usually abundant on adaxial surfaces of pinna lobes. Sori occupying costular areoles, crescent-shaped or elliptic, sunken in rimmed depressions; indusia dark brown, thickly papery. 2n = 68.
Mountain slopes, open and wet places in sparse forests, near streams; 100-1100 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, Zhejiang [Japan].
Herbarium and field observations of Woodwardia prolifera show that there is ecological variation in the frequency of bulbils on the lamina; some mature fronds are not bulbiliferous.The name “Woodwardia radicans (Linnaeus) Smith var. prolifera C. Christensen, Index Filic. 658. 1905” (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 12: 244. 1974; and FPRS 4(2): 201. 1999) appears to be a mistaken joining of the end of one line “= W. radicans var.” with the beginning of another, the next species in the list, “prolifera.”