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细叶小檗Berberis poiretii Schneid.

细叶小檗Berberis poiretii Schneid.

别名:针雀;细叶小蘗;三颗叶;酸狗奶子省心;酸梗米;酸醋溜;生刺;酸粳米;靴袜;酸狗奶子;黄刺皮;刺黄檗;希日-毛都;三颗针;刺黄柏;狗奶子;泡小檗;剌黄檗;泡小蘗;红粳米;红狗奶子;北常山;土常山;刺黄连;常山;刺刺溜;雀心;古音-苏;刺刺榴;小檗;三棵针;刺溜溜;小叶狗奶子;细叶小蘖;波氏小檗;

科名:小檗科 Berberidaceae

属名:小檗属 Berberis

《中国植物志》第29卷160页
  133.细叶小檗
  Berberis poiretii Schneid. in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 180, 1906; B. Fedtschenko in Komarov, Fl. URSS 7: 5 57, 1937; Ahrendt in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 57: 1 74, 1961; 中国沙漠植物志1: 5 14, 图版1 89, 图6-8, 1985; 内蒙古植物志2 (第二版) : 582, 图版236, 图1-6, 1990; 青海植物志1: 375, 1997. ——B. poiretii var. bisemilis P. Y. Li in Acta Phytotax. Sin. 10: 212, 1965. syn. nov.
  落叶灌木,高1-2米。老枝灰黄色,幼枝紫褐色,生黑色疣点,具条棱;茎刺缺如或单一,有时三分叉,长4-9毫米。叶纸质,倒披针形至狭倒披针形,偶披针状匙形,长1.5-4厘米,宽5-10毫米,先端渐尖或急尖,具小尖头,基部渐狭,上面深绿色,中脉凹陷,背面淡绿色或灰绿色,中脉隆起,侧脉和网脉明显,两面无毛,叶缘平展,全缘,偶中上部边缘具数枚细小刺齿;近无柄。穗状总状花序具8-15朵花,长3-6厘米,包括总梗长1-2厘米,常下垂;花梗长3-6毫米,无毛;花黄色;苞片条形,长2-3毫米;小苞片2,披针形,长1.8-2毫米;萼片2轮,外萼片椭圆形或长圆状卵形,长约2毫米,宽1.3-1.5毫米,内萼片长圆状椭圆形,长约3毫米,宽约2毫米;花瓣倒卵形或椭圆形,长约3毫米,宽约1.5毫米,先端锐裂,基部微部缩,略呈爪,具2枚分离腺体;雄蕊长约2毫米,药隔先端不延伸,平截;胚珠通常单生,有时2枚。浆果长圆形,红色,长约9毫米,直径约4-5毫米,顶端无宿存花柱,不被白粉。花期5-6月,果期7-9月。2n=28。
  产于吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、青海、陕西、山西、河北。生于山地灌丛、砾质地、草原化荒漠、山沟河岸或林下。海拔600-2300米。朝鲜、蒙古、俄罗斯(远东)有分布。模式标本采自河北北部。
  根和茎人药,可作黄连代用品,主治痢疾、黄疽、关节肿痛等症。
  本种与匙叶小檗Berberis vernae Schneid.十分近似,惟一不同在于本种花瓣先端锐裂,而后者花瓣先端全缘。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Berberis poiretii  C. K. Schneider Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 15: 180. 1906.
细叶小檗   xi ye xiao bo
Berberis poiretii var. bisemilis P. Y. Li.
Shrubs, deciduous, 1-2 m tall. Branches grayish yellow; shoots purplish brown, angulate, black verruculose; spines absent or simple, sometimes 3-fid, 4-9 mm. Leaves subsessile; leaf blade abaxially pale green or grayish green, adaxially deep green, oblanceolate to narrowly oblanceolate, occasionally lanceolate-spatulate, 1.5-4 cm × 5-10 mm, papery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially with raised midvein, lateral and reticulate veins conspicuous, adaxially with impressed midvein, base attenuate, margin entire, occasionally few spinulose-serrulate on each side, apex acuminate or acute, mucronulate. Inflorescence a spikelike raceme, 8-15-flowered, 3-6 cm including peduncle 1-2 cm; bracts linear, 2-3 mm. Pedicels 3-6 mm, glabrous; bractlets lanceolate, 1.8-2 mm. Sepals in 2 whorls; outer sepals elliptic or oblong-ovate, ca. 2 × 1.3-1.5 mm; inner sepals oblong-elliptic, ca. 3 × 2 mm. Petals obovate or elliptic, ca. 3 × 1.5 mm, base clawed, with separate glands, apex incised. Stamens ca. 2 mm; anther connective not prolonged, truncate. Ovules 1(or 2). Berry red, oblong, ca. 9 × 4-5 mm, not pruinose, style not persistent. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 28.
Thickets, forests, deserts, riverbanks in valleys, talus places; 600-2300 m. Hebei, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi [Korea, Mongolia, Russia (Far East)].

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