虎掌Pinellia pedatisecta Schott

别名：大三步跳;半夏子;阿拉嘎力格-照吉日;真半夏;半夏;狗爪半夏;掌叶半夏;麻芋子;独败家子;虎掌半夏;独脚莲;绿芋子;独角莲;南星;鸟足半夏;鸟足叶半夏;天南星;掌叶巴县;麻芋果;虎掌南星;

科名：天南星科 Araceae

属名：半夏属 Pinellia

《中国植物志》第13(2)卷204页
  5. 虎掌（神农本草经）掌叶半夏（四川、河北），麻芋果（贵州衾安），半夏、绿芋子（河北），天南星（河南商城），狗爪半夏（湖北巴东、四川），麻芋子、半夏子、独败家子（四川青川），南星（四川武平），真半夏（广西南宁），大三步跳（湖南大庸）图版41
  Pinellia pedatisecta Schott in Osterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7: 341. 1857; N. E. Brown in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 36: 174. 1903; Engl. in Engl. Pflanzenr. 73 (4, 23F): 224, fig. 55: N. 1920; 秦岭植物志1 (1): 287, 图258. 1976. ——Pinellia tuberifera Ten. var. pedatisecta (Schott) Engl. in DC., Monogr. Phan. 2: 657. 1879.——P. wawrae Engl. l. c. 568; Franch., Pl. David. 1: 313. 1884.
  块茎近圆球形，直径可达4厘米，根密集，肉质，长5-6厘米；块茎四旁常生若干小球茎。叶1-3或更多，叶柄淡绿色，长20-70厘米，下部具鞘；叶片鸟足状分裂，裂片6-11，披针形，渐尖，基部渐狭，楔形，中裂片长15-18厘米，宽3厘米，两侧裂片依次渐短小，最外的有时长仅4-5厘米；侧脉6-7对，离边缘3-4毫米处弧曲，连结为集合脉，网脉不明显。花序柄长20-50厘米，直立。佛焰苞淡绿色，管部长圆形，长2-4厘米，直径约1厘米，向下渐收缩；檐部长披针形，锐尖，长8-15厘米，基部展平宽1.5厘米。肉穗花序：雌花序长1.5-3厘米；雄花序长5-7毫米；附属器黄绿色，细线形，长10厘米，直立或略呈“S”形弯曲。浆果卵圆形，绿色至黄白色，小，藏于宿存的佛焰苞管部内。花期6-7月，果9-11月成熟。
  我国特有，分布于北京、河北、山西、陕西、山东、江苏、上海、安徽、浙江、福建、河南、湖北、湖南、广西、四川、贵州、云南东北部，海拔1000米以下，生于林下、山谷或河谷阴湿处。模式标本采自北京。
  块茎供药用，在我国医药学中有悠久的历史，古代本草有关虎掌性味功能的记载如《神农本草经》：“虎掌味苦温；主心痛，寒热结气，积聚伏梁，伤筋痿拘缓，利水道”；《吴普本草》：“神农雷公无毒，岐伯桐君辛有毒”；《名医别录》：“虎掌微寒，有大毒”。
  关于虎掌的形态描述，始于陶弘景，他在《本草经集注》中写道：“形似半夏但皆大，四边有子如虎掌”。宋苏颂《嘉祐图经本草》对虎掌的描述甚详，加上插图，可以鉴定为本种无疑，云：“虎掌生汉中山谷及冤句，今河北州郡亦有之，初生根如豆大，渐长大似半夏而扁，累年者根圆及寸，大者如鸡卵，周回生圆芽二三枚或五六枚，三月四月生苗，高尺余，独茎上有叶如爪，五六出分布，尖而圆，一窠生七八茎。时出一茎，作穗直上如鼠尾（指肉穗花序），中生一叶如匙（指佛焰苞），裹茎作房，傍开一口，上下尖，中有花，微青褐色，结实如麻子，大熟即白色，自落布地，一子生一巢，九月苗残。”此外，《名医别录》、《嘉祐图经本草》还分别叙述了天南星 Arisaema heterophyllum 的功效和形态，从中可以辨识与虎掌不同。但自李时珍误将天南星和虎掌混为一谈（见天南星条下）以来，本种就大都与天南星混用，少数也有与半夏通用的，却没有把它当作“虎掌”使用的了。为了便于鉴别药物的真伪，今恢复本种原名“虎掌”。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 23 (2010)
Pinellia pedatisecta  Schott Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7: 341. 1857.
虎掌   hu zhang
Arisaema cochinchinense Blume; Pinellia cochinchinensis (Blume) W. Wight; P. tuberifera Tenore var. pedatisecta (Schott) Engler; P. wawrae Engler.
Tuber subglobose, to 4 cm in diam., with some surrounding tubercles. Leaves 1-3 or more; petiole greenish, 20-70 cm, proximally sheathing; leaf blade pedate; leaflets 6-11, sessile, lanceolate, base cuneate, apex acuminate; central leaflet 15-18.3 cm, following ones smaller; outermost ones 4-5 cm; primary lateral veins 7-12 per side, forming an inner collective vein and an outer second collective vein near margin. Inflorescence including peduncle 20-50 cm, green; peduncle to 35 cm. Spathe slightly convolute at base, green outside, greenish to whitish inside, lanceolate in total, not constricted between tube and limb, inside transverse septum absent, 10-19 × 1.5-2 cm, apex long acuminate. Spadix 14-20 cm; female zone 1.5-3 cm, adnate to spathe; female flowers very densely arranged; pistil 2.1-2.2 mm; ovary green, obovoid, ca. 1.9 × 1.2-1.3 mm; stigma subsessile, white, spherical, papillose; sterile zone between female and male flowers short, 4-5 mm; male zone cylindric, 5-8 mm; thecae yellow, elongate, ca. 1.3 mm, opening by a slit; appendix suberect, greenish to whitish, ± cylindric, 10-15 cm, 2-3 mm in diam. at base, distally becoming filiform. Berries pale to whitish green, ovoid, 4-5 × 3-5 mm, 1-seeded. Seed brown, obovoid, ca. 3.5 × 2.5 mm; funicle robust. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Sep. 2n = 26*.
● Forests, valleys, shaded areas; below 1000 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, NE Yunnan, Zhejiang.
Pinellia pedatisecta is the only species of Pinellia with always pedate leaf blades and lacking the transverse septum inside its spathe. It is easily distinguished from other species by having a spathe lacking a constriction between the tube and blade.Pinellia pedatisecta is the only species of Pinellia with always pedate leaf blades and lacking the transverse septum inside its spathe. It is easily distinguished from other species by having a spathe lacking a constriction between the tube and blade.