栏目

砂苋Allmania nodiflora (Linn.) R. Br.

砂苋Allmania nodiflora (Linn.) R. Br.

别名:虾公草;阿蔓苋;

科名:苋科 Amaranthaceae

属名:砂苋属 Allmania

《中国植物志》第25(2)卷202页
  1.砂苋 阿蔓苋(中国种子植物科属词典)、虾公草(广东海南)图版44: 8-11
  Allmania nodiflora (L.) R. Br. in Wall. Catal. n. 6890. 1832. nom. nud.; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 716. 1885; Merr. in Lingn. Sci. Journ. 5: 72. 1927; Gagn. in Lecte. Fl. Gener. Indo-Chine 4: 1057. f. 111. 1-5. 1936; C. A. Backer in Van Steenis, Fl. Males. ser. 1, 4: 74. 1949; 海南植物志1: 403. 1964. ——Celosia nodiflora L. Sp. Pl. 205. 1753. ——Allmania albida R. Br. 1. c. n. 6981. nom. nud. ; Hook. f. 1. c. 717. Gagn. 1. c. 1059.
  一年生草本,高10-50厘米;根粗壮,木质;茎铺散、上升或直立,从基部或近基部分枝,无毛或有不显明柔毛。叶片纸质,倒卵形、矩圆形或条形,长1.5-6.5厘米,宽3-25毫米,顶端急尖、骤尖或圆钝,具锐尖头,基部渐狭,两面无毛,或下面疏生柔毛;叶柄长2-10毫米。头状花序初成球形,后成卵形,直径7-20毫米,系由数个具3-7花的聚伞花序而成;总梗长2-35毫米,无毛或有柔毛,或无总梗;苞片和小苞片卵状披针形,长3-5毫米,顶端长渐尖,边缘白色,光亮,中脉绿色或紫色,背面隆起成龙骨状,外面有疏生小齿;花直径1-2毫米;花被片卵状披针形或矩圆状披针形,长4-5毫米,在花期斜展开,在花期前和果期直立,顶端长渐尖,中脉在背面隆起成脊棱,棱上无毛或有小锯齿;雄蕊长2-2.5毫米,花丝连合部分长约1毫米;子房卵形,无毛,花柱约和花丝等长。胞果卵形,直径3-3.5毫米,盖裂,带绿色,全部包裹在宿存花被内。种子凸镜状,直径约1.5-2毫米,黑色具白色杯状2裂的假种皮。花期5-6月,果期7-8月。
  产广东(海南岛)。生于低海拔的旷野砂地和海岸砂滩上。分布于印度、越南、菲律宾、马来西亚等地。
  以前按照头状花序有无总梗一性质,把本属植物分成2种:头状花序无总梗或近此者,名为Allmania nodiflora (L.) R. Br.,头状花序具总梗者,名为Allmania albida R. Br.。实际上总梗的有无,有过渡类型,不足作为分种的根据。另外,本种毛茸的有无、叶片的形状、头状花序的大小、茎枝的直立或披散,变化都很大。Hooker f. in Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 716-717. 1885, 根据上述性质, 把本种分成6个变种: 即var. angustifolia, var. dichotoma, var. roxburghii, var. aspera, var. procumbens, var. esculenta,实无必要。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Allmania nodiflora  (Linnaeus) R. Brown ex Wight
砂苋   sha xian
Celosia nodiflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 205. 1753; Allmania albida R. Brown ex J. D. Hooker; Chamissoa albida (R. Brown) Moquin-Tandon; C. nodiflora (Linnaeus) Martius.
Herbs annual, erect or ascending, 10-50 cm tall. Stem branched from or near base, glabrous or obscurely pubescent. Petiole 2-10 mm; leaf blade obovate, oblong, or linear, 1.5-6.5 mm × 0.3-2.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous or adaxially pubescent, base attenuate, apex acute or obtuse, with a mucro. Heads globose, becoming somewhat lengthened, with 3-7-flowered cymes; rachis 0.2-3.5 cm, glabrous or pubescent. Bracts and bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, 3-5 mm, white on margin and with green or purple (?red) midvein, apex long acuminate. Tepals obliquely spreading at anthesis, later erect, ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 4-5 mm. Stamens 5; filaments connate at base. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; style nearly as long as filaments. Utricles enclosed in persistent perianth, pale green, ovoid, 3-3.5 mm in diam., dehiscent by lid. Seeds 1.5-2 mm in diam. Fl. May-Jun, fr. Jul-Aug. 2n = 32.
Sandy soils, sandy shores; below 200 m. Guangxi, Hainan [tropical Asia].

TOP