肾苞草Phaulopsis oppositifolia (J. C. Wendl.) Lindau
肾苞草Phaulopsis oppositifolia (J. C. Wendl.) Lindau
1.肾苞草 图版9: 1-6
Phaulopsis oppositifolia (J. C. Wendl.) Lindau in Engl. & Pramtl. Pflanzfam. Nachtr. 1: 305. 1895. ——Micrunthus oppositifolius J. C. Wendl. Obs. (Bot. Beobacht. ): 39. 1788; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 417. 1884. ——Ruellia dorsiflora Retz. Obs. Bot. vi: 31. 1791. ——Aetheilema reniforme Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 94 1832; and in DC. Prodr. 11: 261. 1867; Wight Ic. t. 1533. 1850. ----Phaulopsis parviflora Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 342. 1800; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 9: 461. 1867; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 417. 1884; R. Ben. in H. Lec, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 4: 683. 1935; Yamazaki in H. Hara, Fl. E. Him. : 303. 1966, nom. illegit. ——Phaulopsis dorsiflora(Retz. )Santapau in Kew Bull. 3: 276. 1948; et in Bot. Memoirs(University of Bombay "The Acanthaceae of Bombay")no. 2: 30. 1951; Bremek. in Dansk Bot. Arkiv. Bind 20, Nr. 1: 67. 1961; Srinivasan et Agarwal in Bull. Bot Surv. Ind. 5: 84-1963;中国高等植物图鉴4: 156. 1975. ——Phaulopsis imbricata(Forssk. )Sweet. Hort. Brith. ed. 1: 327. 1827; Bull. Dept. Med. Pl. Nep. 7: 145. 1976: P. R. Shekya in H. Hara et al, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 143. 1982; 云南种子植物名录(下册): 1680. 1984, nom. illegit.
草本，高30-50厘米，茎4棱形，棱上被黄褐色倒生毛，余疏生；叶略不等，具4-6厘米的柄，大叶片卵状椭圆形至椭圆形，长7.5-11厘米，宽 3.5-5厘米，顶端长渐尖尾状，基部宽楔形，两侧不等，稍歪斜，纸质，上面疏被刚毛，背面仅脉上被毛，侧脉每侧6条。花序穗状，顶生，有时因小枝的叶退化而似为腋生；花数朵生于1宽卵形苞片内，偏生一侧；苞片长达1厘米，宽达1.4厘米，被白色多节毛和头状腺毛，小苞片无毛，花萼裂片5，其中4片条形，长约6毫米，1片卵状椭圆形，长达10毫米，被腺毛；花冠通常白色，长约6毫米，冠檐2唇形，上唇2裂片较狭；雄蕊2强，内藏，生于喉部；花粉粒近圆球形，较小，具3孔，孔生于12-21条脊之间（据Bremek. 1961：67)。子房顶端被细腺毛，花柱被微柔毛，柱头2裂，裂片不等。蒴果长约6毫米，顶端有腺毛，开裂时胎座自蒴底弹起；种子4粒，淡黄色，椭圆状卵形，有微毛，遇水后伸长白色长的多节毛，基区明显。
产云南（西双版纳、盈江）。为路边杂草。中南半岛、印度、喜马拉雅、马斯克林群岛至热带非洲也有。昆明植物园曾引种栽培。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Phaulopsis dorsiflora (Retzius) Santapau Kew Bull. [3]: 276. 1948.
肾苞草 shen bao cao
Ruellia dorsiflora Retzius, Observ. Bot. 6: 31. 1791; Aetheilema anisophyllum (Jussieu) E. Meyer (1837), not R. Brown (1810); A. parviflorum Sprengel; A. reniforme Nees; Blechum anisophyllum Jussieu; Micranthus dorsiflorus (Retzius) C. E. C. Fischer; M. oppositifolius J. C. Wendland; Phaulopsis oppositifolia (J. C. Wendland) Lindau; P. parviflora Willdenow, nom. illeg. superfl.
Herbs 30-50 cm tall, slightly anisophyllous. Stems ascending, 4-angled, brown retrorsely pubescent. Petiole 4-6 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 7.5-11 × 3.5-5 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent along veins, adaxially hirsute, secondary veins ca. 6 on each side of midvein, base cuneate to attenuate and slightly oblique, margin entire, apex acuminate. Spikes terminal, 3-6 cm; bracts orbicular to reniform, ca. 1 × 1.4 cm, gland-tipped pubescent. Calyx lobes outside gland-tipped pubescent; posterior lobe ovate-elliptic, 8-10 mm, bractlike, other lobes linear to subulate and 5-6 mm. Corolla white, ca. 6 mm; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes ovate-oblong and 1-2.4 × 0.6-1 mm; upper lip narrow, 2-lobed. Staminal filaments glabrous. Ovary apex sparsely gland-tipped pubescent; style pilose. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 6 mm, apex gland-tipped pubescent. Seeds ca. 2 × 1.5 mm. Fl. Nov-May, fr. Feb-Jul. 2n = 56, ca. 64, 70.
Thickets, roadsides, along streams; 300-800 m. S and W Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; ?South Africa, Indian Ocean islands (Réunion), ?Madagascar].
Collections identified as Phaulopsis dorsiflora from South Africa and Madagascar remain questionable as to their source.Collections identified as Phaulopsis dorsiflora from South Africa and Madagascar remain questionable as to their source.
别名：肾包草;
科名：爵床科 Acanthaceae
属名：肾苞草属 Phaulopsis
1.肾苞草 图版9: 1-6
Phaulopsis oppositifolia (J. C. Wendl.) Lindau in Engl. & Pramtl. Pflanzfam. Nachtr. 1: 305. 1895. ——Micrunthus oppositifolius J. C. Wendl. Obs. (Bot. Beobacht. ): 39. 1788; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 417. 1884. ——Ruellia dorsiflora Retz. Obs. Bot. vi: 31. 1791. ——Aetheilema reniforme Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 94 1832; and in DC. Prodr. 11: 261. 1867; Wight Ic. t. 1533. 1850. ----Phaulopsis parviflora Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 342. 1800; T. Anders. in Journ. Linn. Soc. 9: 461. 1867; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 417. 1884; R. Ben. in H. Lec, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 4: 683. 1935; Yamazaki in H. Hara, Fl. E. Him. : 303. 1966, nom. illegit. ——Phaulopsis dorsiflora(Retz. )Santapau in Kew Bull. 3: 276. 1948; et in Bot. Memoirs(University of Bombay "The Acanthaceae of Bombay")no. 2: 30. 1951; Bremek. in Dansk Bot. Arkiv. Bind 20, Nr. 1: 67. 1961; Srinivasan et Agarwal in Bull. Bot Surv. Ind. 5: 84-1963;中国高等植物图鉴4: 156. 1975. ——Phaulopsis imbricata(Forssk. )Sweet. Hort. Brith. ed. 1: 327. 1827; Bull. Dept. Med. Pl. Nep. 7: 145. 1976: P. R. Shekya in H. Hara et al, Enum. Fl. Pl. Nepal 3: 143. 1982; 云南种子植物名录(下册): 1680. 1984, nom. illegit.
草本，高30-50厘米，茎4棱形，棱上被黄褐色倒生毛，余疏生；叶略不等，具4-6厘米的柄，大叶片卵状椭圆形至椭圆形，长7.5-11厘米，宽 3.5-5厘米，顶端长渐尖尾状，基部宽楔形，两侧不等，稍歪斜，纸质，上面疏被刚毛，背面仅脉上被毛，侧脉每侧6条。花序穗状，顶生，有时因小枝的叶退化而似为腋生；花数朵生于1宽卵形苞片内，偏生一侧；苞片长达1厘米，宽达1.4厘米，被白色多节毛和头状腺毛，小苞片无毛，花萼裂片5，其中4片条形，长约6毫米，1片卵状椭圆形，长达10毫米，被腺毛；花冠通常白色，长约6毫米，冠檐2唇形，上唇2裂片较狭；雄蕊2强，内藏，生于喉部；花粉粒近圆球形，较小，具3孔，孔生于12-21条脊之间（据Bremek. 1961：67)。子房顶端被细腺毛，花柱被微柔毛，柱头2裂，裂片不等。蒴果长约6毫米，顶端有腺毛，开裂时胎座自蒴底弹起；种子4粒，淡黄色，椭圆状卵形，有微毛，遇水后伸长白色长的多节毛，基区明显。
产云南（西双版纳、盈江）。为路边杂草。中南半岛、印度、喜马拉雅、马斯克林群岛至热带非洲也有。昆明植物园曾引种栽培。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Phaulopsis dorsiflora (Retzius) Santapau Kew Bull. [3]: 276. 1948.
肾苞草 shen bao cao
Ruellia dorsiflora Retzius, Observ. Bot. 6: 31. 1791; Aetheilema anisophyllum (Jussieu) E. Meyer (1837), not R. Brown (1810); A. parviflorum Sprengel; A. reniforme Nees; Blechum anisophyllum Jussieu; Micranthus dorsiflorus (Retzius) C. E. C. Fischer; M. oppositifolius J. C. Wendland; Phaulopsis oppositifolia (J. C. Wendland) Lindau; P. parviflora Willdenow, nom. illeg. superfl.
Herbs 30-50 cm tall, slightly anisophyllous. Stems ascending, 4-angled, brown retrorsely pubescent. Petiole 4-6 cm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 7.5-11 × 3.5-5 cm, papery, abaxially pubescent along veins, adaxially hirsute, secondary veins ca. 6 on each side of midvein, base cuneate to attenuate and slightly oblique, margin entire, apex acuminate. Spikes terminal, 3-6 cm; bracts orbicular to reniform, ca. 1 × 1.4 cm, gland-tipped pubescent. Calyx lobes outside gland-tipped pubescent; posterior lobe ovate-elliptic, 8-10 mm, bractlike, other lobes linear to subulate and 5-6 mm. Corolla white, ca. 6 mm; lower lip 3-lobed, lobes ovate-oblong and 1-2.4 × 0.6-1 mm; upper lip narrow, 2-lobed. Staminal filaments glabrous. Ovary apex sparsely gland-tipped pubescent; style pilose. Capsule ellipsoid, ca. 6 mm, apex gland-tipped pubescent. Seeds ca. 2 × 1.5 mm. Fl. Nov-May, fr. Feb-Jul. 2n = 56, ca. 64, 70.
Thickets, roadsides, along streams; 300-800 m. S and W Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam; ?South Africa, Indian Ocean islands (Réunion), ?Madagascar].
Collections identified as Phaulopsis dorsiflora from South Africa and Madagascar remain questionable as to their source.Collections identified as Phaulopsis dorsiflora from South Africa and Madagascar remain questionable as to their source.