尖药花Aechmanthera tomentosa Nees
尖药花Aechmanthera tomentosa Nees
2.尖药花（中国高等植物图鉴）十三年花（云南屏边）图版10: 11-12
Aechmanthera tomentosa Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 87. 1832; et in DC. Prodr. 11: 171. 1847; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 428. 1884; Hand. -Mazz. , Symb. Sin. 7: 891. 1936;中国高等植物图鉴4: 158. 1975; 云南种子植物名录(下册): 1686. 1984.
草本，茎稍木质化或小灌木，高达1米，全株各部分多少被灰白色绵毛，尤以花序和嫩枝，叶为显著。叶片椭圆形至椭圆状矩圆形，长4.5-13厘米，宽2.8-5.5厘米，顶端尖，基部近圆形至心形，边略具圆齿，有线状钟乳体，具1-3厘米长的柄，被黄色多节腺毛。花3-8朵成一簇，间断着生于圆锥花序的分枝上，圆锥花序长达30厘米；苞片条形，长约1.2厘米，外面杂有腺毛，小苞片狭舌状与和花萼裂片等长或为其一半，长约5毫米；花萼5裂至基部；花冠淡紫色，长约2.5厘米，漏斗状钟形，外面无毛，里面近喉部有2列柔毛，冠檐裂片5，几相等，长约5毫米；雄蕊4，2强，花丝基部有膜相连，2短雄蕊之间有1退化雄蕊残迹，花药药隔顶端有小尖头。花粉椭圆形，具肋条纹饰。（据毛品一6047）。蒴果长约10毫米，有微毛，有种子2-4（？）一（6）粒。
产云南南部（蒙自、思茅、西畴、耿马、屏边、盈江、元江、潞西）、贵州（兴仁、兴义）、广西（隆林）。生山坡草地或疏林边。印度西北部、尼泊尔也有。
尖药花和棉毛尖药花两种在我国云南省地理分布极其相近，从营养枝的器管形态特征相似，很难区分，可能是一种，有待进一步专门研究。作者未见棉毛尖药花的花标本，云南有种植物“十三年花”，可见花标本不易得，从十三年花的果标本上，作者认为是本属。据J. D. Mabberley书载Strobilanthes属（本属由该属分出）植物有5-12年开花，源于印度Strobilanthes kunthiana（Nees）T. Anders，在印度西北的Mussoorie山区每12年才有一次开花，极盛。
属群2．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Strobilanthes tomentosa (Nees) J. R. I. Wood Kew Bull. 64: 16. 2009.
尖药花 jian yao hua
Aechmanthera tomentosa Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 87. 1832; A. gossypina (Wallich) Nees; A. tomentosa var. wallichii C. B. Clarke; A. wallichii Nees, nom. illeg. superfl.; A. wallichii var. gossypina (Wallich) Nees; A. wallichii var. tomentosa (Nees) Nees; Ruellia gossypina Wallich; Strobilanthes blinii H. Léveillé; S. bodinieri H. Léveillé; S. cavaleriei H. Léveillé.
Subshrubs to 1 m tall, erect, isophyllous. Stems usually gray tomentose but sometimes thinly pilose and greenish. Petiole 1-3 cm, with yellow multicellular gland-tipped trichomes; leaf blade elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 3-13 × 2-6.5 cm, abaxially sericeous, adaxially densely covered with linear cystoliths, secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, base subrounded, cuneate, or cordate and sometimes shortly decurrent onto petiole, margin crenate, apex acute. Inflorescences usually paniculate, to 30 cm, with 3-8-flowered clusters commonly on 3-8 cm axillary branches in axils of leaflike sterile bracts, clusters sometimes aggregated to form axillary thyrses or more distant and forming an open panicle; floral bracts linear-ligulate, 0.8-1.2 cm, abaxially and marginally gland-tipped pubescent, apex obtuse; bracteoles narrowly ligulate, ca. 5 mm, similar to and smaller than or equaling calyx lobes. Calyx 0.8-1.2 cm, deeply 5-lobed to base; lobes linear, unequal with 2 longer and 3 shorter, slightly gland-tipped pilose, apex obtuse. Corolla blue, funnel-shaped, 2.5-3.5 cm, straight, ventricose, outside glabrous, inside glabrous except for trichomes retaining style; tube basally cylindric and narrow for 4-8 mm then gradually widened to ca. 1 cm at mouth; lobes ca. 5 mm, subequal, apex obtuse. Stamens 4, included; shorter filament pair ca. 6 mm, glabrous; longer filament pair 1.1-1.2 cm, pilose; anther thecae oblong, apex mucronate; connective minutely excurrent; pollen type 6. Ovary comose; style sparsely hairy. Capsule oblong, 7-10 mm, pubescent, 6-8-seeded. Seeds discoid, densely hairy, sometimes glabrescent. Fl. Jun-Dec, fr. Aug-Dec. 2n = 30.
Grassy mountain slopes, open forests in relatively dry areas; 500-2300 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
This is a distinctive and apparently isolated species on account of the excurrent anther connective combined with the 6-8-seeded capsule and seeds with caducous trichomes.This is a distinctive and apparently isolated species on account of the excurrent anther connective combined with the 6-8-seeded capsule and seeds with caducous trichomes.
【拼音名】 Jiān Yào Huā
【别名】 大毛叶、蓝花草
【来源】 药材基源：为爵床科植物尖药花的全草。
拉丁植物动物矿物名：Aechmanthera tomentosa （Wall.） Nees [Ruellia tomentosa Wall.]
采收和储藏：夏、秋季采收，洗净，切段晒干或鲜用。
【原形态】 尖药花 多年生草本，高达1m。植株各部多少被灰白色绵毛。叶对生；具柄；叶片椭圆形至椭圆状长圆形，长5-12mm，先端尖，基部近圆形至心形，边圆具钝齿。花3-8朵成一簇，有间距地生于圆锥花序的分枝上，圆锥花序长达30cm；苞片、小苞片和花萼裂片均条形，长约7mm；花冠淡紫色，长约2.5cm，漏斗状钟形，外面无毛，里面近喉部有2行柔毛，裂片5，近相等；雄蕊二强，花丝基部有膜相连，2短雄蕊之间有一退化雄蕊残迹，花药药隔顶端有小尖头。蒴果长约1cm，有微毛。有种子6颗。
【生境分布】 生态环境：生于山坡划地或疏林边。
资源分布：分布于贵州、云南等地。
【性味】 味甘；性平
【功能主治】 益气补虚；活血消肿；解毒。主体虚头晕；跌打损伤；骨折；口舌生疮；蛇咬伤
【用法用量】 内服：煎汤，9-15g。外用：适量，捣敷。
【摘录】 《中华本草》
科名：爵床科 Acanthaceae
属名：尖蕊花属 Aechmanthera
2.尖药花（中国高等植物图鉴）十三年花（云南屏边）图版10: 11-12
Aechmanthera tomentosa Nees in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 3: 87. 1832; et in DC. Prodr. 11: 171. 1847; C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4: 428. 1884; Hand. -Mazz. , Symb. Sin. 7: 891. 1936;中国高等植物图鉴4: 158. 1975; 云南种子植物名录(下册): 1686. 1984.
草本，茎稍木质化或小灌木，高达1米，全株各部分多少被灰白色绵毛，尤以花序和嫩枝，叶为显著。叶片椭圆形至椭圆状矩圆形，长4.5-13厘米，宽2.8-5.5厘米，顶端尖，基部近圆形至心形，边略具圆齿，有线状钟乳体，具1-3厘米长的柄，被黄色多节腺毛。花3-8朵成一簇，间断着生于圆锥花序的分枝上，圆锥花序长达30厘米；苞片条形，长约1.2厘米，外面杂有腺毛，小苞片狭舌状与和花萼裂片等长或为其一半，长约5毫米；花萼5裂至基部；花冠淡紫色，长约2.5厘米，漏斗状钟形，外面无毛，里面近喉部有2列柔毛，冠檐裂片5，几相等，长约5毫米；雄蕊4，2强，花丝基部有膜相连，2短雄蕊之间有1退化雄蕊残迹，花药药隔顶端有小尖头。花粉椭圆形，具肋条纹饰。（据毛品一6047）。蒴果长约10毫米，有微毛，有种子2-4（？）一（6）粒。
产云南南部（蒙自、思茅、西畴、耿马、屏边、盈江、元江、潞西）、贵州（兴仁、兴义）、广西（隆林）。生山坡草地或疏林边。印度西北部、尼泊尔也有。
尖药花和棉毛尖药花两种在我国云南省地理分布极其相近，从营养枝的器管形态特征相似，很难区分，可能是一种，有待进一步专门研究。作者未见棉毛尖药花的花标本，云南有种植物“十三年花”，可见花标本不易得，从十三年花的果标本上，作者认为是本属。据J. D. Mabberley书载Strobilanthes属（本属由该属分出）植物有5-12年开花，源于印度Strobilanthes kunthiana（Nees）T. Anders，在印度西北的Mussoorie山区每12年才有一次开花，极盛。
属群2．
《Flora of China》 Vol. 19 (2011)
Strobilanthes tomentosa (Nees) J. R. I. Wood Kew Bull. 64: 16. 2009.
尖药花 jian yao hua
Aechmanthera tomentosa Nees in Wallich, Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 87. 1832; A. gossypina (Wallich) Nees; A. tomentosa var. wallichii C. B. Clarke; A. wallichii Nees, nom. illeg. superfl.; A. wallichii var. gossypina (Wallich) Nees; A. wallichii var. tomentosa (Nees) Nees; Ruellia gossypina Wallich; Strobilanthes blinii H. Léveillé; S. bodinieri H. Léveillé; S. cavaleriei H. Léveillé.
Subshrubs to 1 m tall, erect, isophyllous. Stems usually gray tomentose but sometimes thinly pilose and greenish. Petiole 1-3 cm, with yellow multicellular gland-tipped trichomes; leaf blade elliptic-ovate to elliptic-oblong, 3-13 × 2-6.5 cm, abaxially sericeous, adaxially densely covered with linear cystoliths, secondary veins 7-10 on each side of midvein, base subrounded, cuneate, or cordate and sometimes shortly decurrent onto petiole, margin crenate, apex acute. Inflorescences usually paniculate, to 30 cm, with 3-8-flowered clusters commonly on 3-8 cm axillary branches in axils of leaflike sterile bracts, clusters sometimes aggregated to form axillary thyrses or more distant and forming an open panicle; floral bracts linear-ligulate, 0.8-1.2 cm, abaxially and marginally gland-tipped pubescent, apex obtuse; bracteoles narrowly ligulate, ca. 5 mm, similar to and smaller than or equaling calyx lobes. Calyx 0.8-1.2 cm, deeply 5-lobed to base; lobes linear, unequal with 2 longer and 3 shorter, slightly gland-tipped pilose, apex obtuse. Corolla blue, funnel-shaped, 2.5-3.5 cm, straight, ventricose, outside glabrous, inside glabrous except for trichomes retaining style; tube basally cylindric and narrow for 4-8 mm then gradually widened to ca. 1 cm at mouth; lobes ca. 5 mm, subequal, apex obtuse. Stamens 4, included; shorter filament pair ca. 6 mm, glabrous; longer filament pair 1.1-1.2 cm, pilose; anther thecae oblong, apex mucronate; connective minutely excurrent; pollen type 6. Ovary comose; style sparsely hairy. Capsule oblong, 7-10 mm, pubescent, 6-8-seeded. Seeds discoid, densely hairy, sometimes glabrescent. Fl. Jun-Dec, fr. Aug-Dec. 2n = 30.
Grassy mountain slopes, open forests in relatively dry areas; 500-2300 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan].
This is a distinctive and apparently isolated species on account of the excurrent anther connective combined with the 6-8-seeded capsule and seeds with caducous trichomes.This is a distinctive and apparently isolated species on account of the excurrent anther connective combined with the 6-8-seeded capsule and seeds with caducous trichomes.
【拼音名】 Jiān Yào Huā
【别名】 大毛叶、蓝花草
【来源】 药材基源：为爵床科植物尖药花的全草。
拉丁植物动物矿物名：Aechmanthera tomentosa （Wall.） Nees [Ruellia tomentosa Wall.]
采收和储藏：夏、秋季采收，洗净，切段晒干或鲜用。
【原形态】 尖药花 多年生草本，高达1m。植株各部多少被灰白色绵毛。叶对生；具柄；叶片椭圆形至椭圆状长圆形，长5-12mm，先端尖，基部近圆形至心形，边圆具钝齿。花3-8朵成一簇，有间距地生于圆锥花序的分枝上，圆锥花序长达30cm；苞片、小苞片和花萼裂片均条形，长约7mm；花冠淡紫色，长约2.5cm，漏斗状钟形，外面无毛，里面近喉部有2行柔毛，裂片5，近相等；雄蕊二强，花丝基部有膜相连，2短雄蕊之间有一退化雄蕊残迹，花药药隔顶端有小尖头。蒴果长约1cm，有微毛。有种子6颗。
【生境分布】 生态环境：生于山坡划地或疏林边。
资源分布：分布于贵州、云南等地。
【性味】 味甘；性平
【功能主治】 益气补虚；活血消肿；解毒。主体虚头晕；跌打损伤；骨折；口舌生疮；蛇咬伤
【用法用量】 内服：煎汤，9-15g。外用：适量，捣敷。
【摘录】 《中华本草》