栏目

大叶冷水花Pilea martinii (Lévl.) Hand.-Mazz.

大叶冷水花Pilea martinii (Lévl.) Hand.-Mazz.

科名:荨麻科 Urticaceae

属名:冷水花属 Pilea

《中国植物志》第23(2)卷094页
  27.大叶冷水花(中国高等植物图鉴)异被冷水花(秦岭植物志)图版18: 1-3
  Pilea martinii (Levl.) Hand.-Mazz. Symb. Sin. 7: 131. 1929; Chien in Bull. Chin. Bot. Soc. 1: 3. 1935; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 509, 图1017. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 110. 1974; Hara in Ohashi, Fl. East. Himal. 3rd. Rep. 25. 1975; 湖北植物志1: 1-71, 221. 1976; C. J. Chen in Bull. Bot. Res. (Harbin) 2 (3): 66. 1982; Grierson et Long, Fl. Bhutan 1 (1): 113. 1983; 西藏植物志1: 536, 图171 (1-3). 1983, 云南种子植 物名录, 上册, 733. 1984; 贵州植物志4: 24, 图版8(1-3) 1989. ——Boehmeiia martimi Levl. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11; 551. 1913. ——P. symmeria auct. non Wedd. : C. H. Wright in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26: 479. 1899, p. p. ; Hand.-Mazz. 1. c. 133, quoad pl: Hubei.; 湖北植物志1: 170, 图220. 1976. ——P. hookeriana auct. non Wedd. : Hand.-Mazz. 1. c. 126. 一P. producta auct. non Bl. : Hand. Mazz. 1. c. 130, p. p. ——P. umbrosa auct. non Wedd.: Hand.-Mazz. 1. c. 130, p. p.
  多年生草本。茎肉质,高30-100厘米,粗3-10毫米,节间下部有数条棱,在节间中部多少膨大,无毛或上部有短柔毛,单一或有分枝。叶近膜质,同对的常不等大,卵形、狭卵形或卵状披针形,两侧常不对称,长7-20厘米,宽3.5-12厘米,先端长渐尖,基部圆形或浅心形,稀钝形,边缘自基部直到先端尾部有锯齿状牙齿,上面绿色,疏生透明硬毛,下面浅绿色,无毛,或幼时有疏柔毛,后渐脱落,钟乳体条形,长约0.3毫米,基出脉3条,其侧出的二条弧曲,伸达先端的齿尖,侧脉多数,近横展,整齐;叶柄长1-8厘米,无毛或上部有稀疏的短柔毛;托叶薄膜质,褐色,披针形,长4-8毫米,后脱落。花雌雄异株,有时雌雄同株;花序聚伞圆锥状,单生于叶腋,长4-10厘米,花序梗长2-6厘米,有时雌花序呈聚伞总状,长1-2厘米,具短的花序梗。雄花无梗或有短梗,淡红色,在芽时长约1.2毫米;花被片4,长圆状卵形,其中二枚外面近先端有明显的短角;雄蕊4;退化雌蕊小,圆锥状。雌花:花被片3,不等大,果时中间的一枚船形,长及果的1/2-2/3,侧生的二枚三角状卵形,比中间的一枚短1-2倍;退化雄蕊长圆形,比中间的一枚花被片稍短。瘦果狭卵形,顶端歪斜,两侧微扁,长1毫米,熟时带绿褐色,光滑。花期5-9月,果期8-10月。
  产江西西部、广西北部、湖北西部、湖南西部、陕西与甘肃的秦岭南坡、四川、贵州、云南中部以北和西藏的东部与南部。生于海拔1 100-3 500米的山坡林下沟旁阴湿处。尼泊尔和锡金有分布。模式标本采自贵州平坝。
  本种植物分布较广,常在溪谷林下成片生长,植株高矮、叶的大小等变异较大,其体态与镰叶冷水花P. semisessilis Hand. -Mazz.、喙萼冷水花P. symmeria Wedd.、荫生冷水花P. umbrosa Wedd.等相似,其区别之处见检索表。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Pilea martini  (H. Léveillé) Handel-Mazzetti
大叶冷水花   da ye leng shui hua
Boehmeria martini H. Léveillé, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 551. 1913.
Herbs perennial, stoloniferous, often dioecious. Stems simple or branched, 30-100 cm tall, succulent, with galls on mid portion of internodes, glabrous or puberulent on upper part. Stipules semipersistent, oblong-lanceolate, 4-8 mm, membranous, veinless; petioles unequal in length, 1-8 cm, puberulent or glabrous; leaf blade abaxially pale green, adaxially green, obliquely ovate, narrowly ovate, or lanceolate, unequal in size, 7-20 × 3.5-12 cm, membranous, 3-veined, lateral veins many, subtransverse, abaxial surface glabrous or puberulent when young, adaxial surface sparsely setulose, base rounded or subcordate, rarely obtuse, margin coarsely serrate-dentate, apex long acuminate, acumen serrulate. Inflorescences solitary; male inflorescence a cymose panicle, 4-10 cm overall, peduncle 2-6 cm; female cymose panicles or cymose racemes, 1-4 cm. shortly pedunculate. Male flowers reddish, sessile or pedicellate, in bud ca. 1.2 mm; perianth lobes 4, oblong-ovate, 2 lobes subapically corniculate; stamens 4; rudimentary ovary small, conic. Female flowers subsessile, in bud ca. 0.6 mm; perianth lobes connate at base, unequal, abaxial lobe cymbiform, longer, subapically corniculate; staminodes 3, scale-like, oblong. Achene brownish green, narrowly ovoid, ca. 1 mm, compressed, oblique, smooth. Fl. May-Sep, fr. Aug-Oct.
Shaded wet places along ditches, streams, near streams; 1100-3500 m. S Gangsu, N Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, E Sichuan, S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim].
This species occurs widely in W China and is very common in shady and wet places of the forest understory. It resembles Pilea semisessilis, P. symmeria, and P. umbrosa.

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