茶Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze.

别名：tea;苦茶;家茶;茶叶;茶树子;茶叶树;虫茶;槚;元茶;大叶茶;大叶茶树;茗;茶树根;野茶树;茶子树;小叶种茶;谷雨茶;茶树;

科名：山茶科 Theaceae

属名：山茶属 Camellia

《中国植物志》第49(3)卷130页
  167. 茶（图经本草）　槚，茗，荈（尔雅）
  Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Ktze. in Acta. Horti Petrop. 10: 195. 1887; in obs. et Um die Erde 500. 1888. ——Thea sinensis Linn. Sp. Pl. 1: 743. 1753. ——Thea bohea Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 735. 1762.　——Thea viridis Linn. l. c. 735. 1762. ——Camellia cantonensis Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 339. 1790. ——Thea cochinchinensis Lour. l. c. 338. 1790. ——Thea oleosa Lour. l. c. 339. ——Thea chinensis Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 998. 1807; Camellia thea Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. 2: 73. 1822; Camellia sinensis var. sinensis f. macrophylla (Sieb.) Kitamura in Acta Phytotax. et Geobot. Kyoto 14: 59. 1930. ——Camellia sinensis var. sinensis f. parvifolia (Miq.) Sealy Rev. Gen. Camellia 116. 1958.
形态特征：灌木或小乔木，高1-6米。单叶互生，薄革质，椭圆状披针形至到卵形，长5-10厘米，宽2-4厘米，先端钝尖而微凹，基部楔形，边缘具锯齿，光滑无毛；叶柄长约4毫米。花通常单生或1-2朵腋生，花梗长6-10毫米，下弯；颧片5-6，圆形，无毛或被微毛，宿存；花瓣7-8，白色，宽倒卵形
分    布：、 、
繁殖方式：种子
习    性：阳生
药用部位：叶、根
药用功能：强心利尿 、清热解毒 、

《Flora of China》 Vol. 12 (2007)
Camellia sinensis  (Linnaeus) Kuntze
茶   cha
Shrubs or trees, 1-5(-9) m tall. Young branches grayish yellow, glabrous; current year branchlets purplish red, white pubescent; terminal buds silvery gray sericeous. Petiole 4-7 mm, pubescent, glabrescent; leaf blade elliptic, oblong-elliptic, or oblong, 5-14 × 2-7.5 cm, leathery, abaxially pale green and glabrous or pubescent, adaxially dark green, shiny, and glabrous, midvein ± raised on both surfaces, secondary veins 7-9 on each side of midvein and ± raised on both surfaces, reticulate veins visible on both surfaces, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin serrate to serrulate, apex bluntly acute to acuminate and with an obtuse tip. Flowers axillary, solitary or to 3 in a cluster, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam. Pedicel 5-10 mm, recurved, pubescent or glabrous, thickened toward apex; bracteoles 2, caducous, ovate, ca. 2 mm. Sepals 5, persistent, broadly ovate to suborbicular, 3-5 mm, outside glabrous or white pubescent, inside white sericeous, margin ciliolate. Petals 6-8, white; outer 1-3 petals sepaloid; inner petals obovate to broadly obovate, 1.5-2 × 1.2-2 cm, basally connate, apex rounded. Stamens numerous, 0.8-1.3 cm, glabrous; outer filament whorl basally connate for ca. 2 mm. Ovary globose, densely white pubescent, tomentose, or subglabrous, 3-loculed; style ca. 1 cm, glabrous or base pubescent, apically 3-lobed. Capsule oblate, 2-coccal, or rarely globose, 1-1.5 × 1.5-3 cm, 1- or 2-loculed with 1 seed per locule; pericarp ca. l mm thick. Seeds brown subglobose, 1-1.4 cm in diam. Fl. Oct-Feb, fr. Aug-Oct.
Evergreen broad-leaved forests, thickets; 100-2200 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [NE India, S Japan, S Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
Tea is made from the vegetative buds and young leaves of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis and C. sinensis var. assamica. There is a long history of the use and cultivation of tea in China. Tea is usually distinguished by the Chinese people as small leaf tea (var. sinensis) with a more northern distribution and large leaf tea (var. assamica) with a more southern distribution. However, the other varieties of C. sinensis and even some other species of Camellia are locally used as tea. The distinction between green tea and black tea concerns the processing of the leaves whether they are just wilted before drying (green tea) or wilted and then fermented before drying (black tea).

Because of extensive cultivation, it is often difficult to know for certain whether specific collections of var. sinensis and var. assamica are wild, cultivated, or escaped. For this reason, the actual wild distribution of these two varieties is uncertain.

【拼音名】 Chá
【别名】 茶叶
【来源】 山茶科山茶属植物茶Camellia sinensis O Ktunze [Thea sinensis L.]，以叶、子、根入药。叶春夏秋均可采集，焙制。根全年可采。
【性味】 叶：苦、甘，微寒。
子：苦，寒。有毒。
根：苦，平。
【功能主治】 强心利尿，抗菌消炎，收敛止泻。
叶：用于肠炎，痢疾，小便不利，水肿，嗜睡症；外用治烧烫伤。
根：用于肝炎，心脏病水肿。
【用法用量】 叶3～5钱；外用适量研末，加麻油调敷患处。根：3～6钱。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》