栏目

小木通Clematis armandii Franch.

小木通Clematis armandii Franch.

别名:淡木通;大木通;土木通;大叶木通;乱根草;花木通;淮木通;黄防已;辣木通;野淮通;木通;紫木通;黄防己;簑衣藤;川木通;粗糠藤;铁马鞭;长叶侯培;白木通;疏序铁线莲;三叶木通;山木通;蓑衣藤;威灵仙;

科名:毛茛科 Ranunculaceae

属名:铁线莲属 Clematis

《中国植物志》第28卷175页
  68.小木通(植物名实图考)蓑衣藤(秦岭、巴山),川木通(四川筠连)图版52
  Clematis armandii Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, ser. 2, 8: 184. 1885; Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 50: 526. 1903; Pamp. in Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. n. ser. 17: 269. 1910; Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. pl. Wils. 1: 326. 1913; Pei in Sinensia 6: 388. 1935; Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 13: 208. 1939; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 748, 图1496. 1972; 秦岭植物志1 (2): 294. 1974.——C. biondiana Pavol. in Bull. Soc. Tosc. ort. 32: 285. 1907; Pei in Sinensia 6: 389. 1935.——C. ornithopus Ulbr. in Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 12: 375. 1922.——C. armandii var. biondiana (Pavol.) Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 20: 90. 1939. ——C. armandii f. farquhariana Rehd. et Wils. in Sarg. pl. Wils. 1: 327. 1913; Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 13: 208. 1939.
  木质藤本,高达6米。茎圆柱形,有纵条纹,小枝有棱,有白色短柔毛,后脱落。三出复叶;小叶片革质,卵状披针形、长椭圆状卵形至卵形,长4-12 (-16)厘米,宽2-5(-8)厘米,顶端渐尖,基部圆形、心形或宽楔形,全缘,两面无毛。聚伞花序或圆锥状聚伞花序,腋生或顶生,通常比叶长或近等长;腋生花序基部有多数宿存芽鳞,为三角状卵形、卵形至长圆形,长0.8-3.5厘米; 花序下部苞片近长圆形,常3浅裂,上部苞片渐小,披针形至钻形;萼片4(-5),开展,白色,偶带淡红色,长圆形或长椭圆形,大小变异极大,长1-2.5(-4)厘米,宽0.3-1.2(-2)厘米,外面边缘密生短绒毛至稀疏,雄蕊无毛。瘦果扁,卵形至椭圆形,长4-7毫米,疏生柔毛,宿存花柱长达5厘米,有白色长柔毛。花期3月至4月,果期4月至7月。
  在我国分布于西藏东部、云南(海拔800-2400米)、贵州(400-1400米)、四川(650-2000米)、甘肃和陕西南部(800-1000米)、湖北、湖南、广东(300-1600米)、广西 (100-1300米)、福建西南部。生山坡、山谷、路边灌丛中、林边或水沟旁。越南也有分布。模式标本采自四川宝兴。
  在四川多以本种的茎作木通药用;根据全国中草药汇编记载:藤茎能利尿消肿、通经下乳,治尿路感染、小便不利、肾炎水肿、闭经、乳汁不通。又茎能除湿活络,治风湿、月经不调、胃痛、小儿麻痹后遗症(云南药用植物名录)。茎藤能去腐肉、引气活血,治外伤后的腐肉(研粉外用)及腰腿痛,但患肠胃溃疡者禁服;鲜茎汁可点赤眼;花治乳娥;全草可制农药,防治桥虫、菜青虫、地老虎、瓢虫等(秦岭植物志)。
  根据文献记载,与本种较为接近的尚有二种:C. zygophylla Hand.-Mazz. in Act. Hort. Gothob. 13: 209. 1939; C. hastata Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 50: 523, t. 16. 1903。前者模式产地为贵州安顺,后者为四川城口,因末见标本,留待考订。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 6 (2001)
Clematis armandii  Franchet
小木通   xiao mu tong
Vines woody. Stems to 6 m; branches shallowly longitudinally 10--16-grooved, sparsely puberulous, glabrescent; scales of axillary buds ovate, triangular, or oblong, 0.8--2 cm, puberulous, abaxially longitudinal veins prominent. Leaves ternate; petiole 3.6--11 cm, basally sparsely puberulous or glabrous; leaflet blades narrowly ovate, lanceolate, or ovate, 5--16 × 1.5--7 cm, leathery, both surfaces glabrous, base rounded, subcordate, or broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex acuminate to attenuate; basal veins abaxially prominent. Cymes 1- to many flowered, from axillary buds of old branches, rarely from leaf axils of current year’s branches; peduncle 0.4--8 cm, puberulous or glabrous; bracts narrowly oblong to linear, 0.7--2 cm, undivided or sometimes 3-lobed. Flowers 2--8 cm in diam. Pedicel 1.8--7 cm, sparsely puberulous or glabrous. Sepals 4(--6), white or pinkish, spreading, narrowly oblong, obovate-oblong, or oblong, 1.2--4.7 × 0.2--2 cm, abaxially sparsely puberulous or glabrous, adaxially glabrous, margin abaxially velutinous to puberulous, apex obtuse to rounded. Stamens 6--11 mm, glabrous; anthers narrowly oblong to linear, 3--4.5 mm, apex minutely apiculate or obtuse. Ovaries pubescent. Style 6--8 mm, densely villous. Achenes narrowly ovate to elliptic-ovate, 4--5 × 2--2.6 mm, sparsely pubescent; persistent style 1.6--4.8 cm, white plumose. Fl. Mar--Apr, fr. Apr--Jul.
Forests, forest margins, slopes, scrub, along streams; 100--2400 m. Fujian, S Gansu, N Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, E Xizang, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [N Myanmar].

《全国中草药汇编》:小木通


【拼音名】 Xiǎo Mù Tōnɡ
【别名】 毛蕊铁线莲、过山龙
【来源】 毛茛科铁线莲属植物丝瓜花Clematis lasiandra Maxim.,以茎藤入药。秋季采收,晒干切片。
【性味】 淡,平。
【功能主治】 舒筋活血,祛湿止痛,解毒利尿。用于筋骨疼痛。外用治无名肿毒。
【用法用量】 5钱。外用藤茎煎水洗患处。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》
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