榕树Ficus microcarpa Linn. f.

别名：小叶榕;万年青;笔栗;成树;榕树气生根;大万年青;正榕;榕;榕树须;细叶榕;细叶榕、小榕树;细叶榕树;小果榕;细叶熔;承树;万年阴;石榕;神树;榕树叶;榕树吊根;人参榕;倒吊成树根;山榕;Chinese banyan;

科名：桑科 Moraceae

属名：榕属 Ficus

《中国植物志》第23(1)卷112页
  19.榕树（南越笔记，海南植物志）细叶榕（广东），万年青（云南）图版23：7-10
  Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. Suppl. Sp. Pl. 442. 1781; Benth. FI. Hongk. 327. 1861; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 511. 1890; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 764. 1928; Sata, Monogr. Ficus Form. et Philipp. 22. 1944; Corner in Gard. Bull. Sing. 17: 397. 1960; in ibid. 21: 22. 1965; 海南植物志2: 393.1965; 中国高等植物图鉴1: 483, excl. f. 966. 1972; 台湾植物志2: 139. 1976; Kitam. et Murata, Col. Ill. Woody Pl. Japan 2; 233. 1979; 中国高等植物图鉴补编1: 152, in clavi, 160, f. 8431. 1982; Yamazaki in Journ. Phytogegogr. Taxon. 31 (1): 6. 1983; Griers. et Long, Fl. Bhutan 1 (1): 95. 1983; Lauener in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 40 (3): 495. 1983; 云南种子植物名录, 上册: 705.1984; 湖北植物大全: 267.1992; H. Koba et al. 1. c. 211, 1994; Nguyen T. Hiep in Tap chi SIKH HOC 16 (4): 60. 1994.——Ficus retusi formis levl. et Vant. in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 8: 549. 1910; Fl. Kouy-Tcheou 433. 1915. ——F. retusa auct. non Linn.: Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 5: 511. 1889; Ridl. Fl. Malay Pen. vol. 3: 335. 1924; Gagnep. in Lecomte, Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 5: 764. 1928; Rehd. in Journ. Arn. Arb. 10: 131. 1929; et ibid. 17: 74. 1936; Kanichira, Formos. Trees, Rev. ed. 159, f. 108. 1936; Sata, Monogr. Ficus Form. et Philipp.: 22, f. 18, 19. 1944; Makino, New Ill. Fl. Pl. Japan: 98, f. 391. 1961; Terasaki. Ill. Fl. Japan 2 ed: 128. f. 492. 1979.
  大乔木，高达15-25米，胸径达50厘米，冠幅广展；老树常有锈褐色气根。树皮深灰色。叶薄革质，狭椭圆形，长4-8厘米，宽3-4厘米，先端钝尖，基部楔形，表面深绿色，干后深褐色，有光泽，全缘，基生叶脉延长，侧脉3-10对；叶柄长5-10毫米，无毛；托叶小，披针形，长约8毫米。榕果成对腋生或生于已落叶枝叶腋，成熟时黄或微红色，扁球形，直径6-8毫米，无总梗，基生苞片3，广卵形，宿存；雄花、雌花、瘿花同生于一榕果内，花间有少许短刚毛；雄花无柄或具柄，散生内壁，花丝与花药等长；雌花与瘿花相似，花被片3，广卵形，花柱近侧生，柱头短，棒形。瘦果卵圆形。花期5-6月。
  产台湾、浙江（南部）、福建、广东（及沿海岛屿）、广西、湖北（武汉至十堰栽培）、贵州、云南（174-1240（-1900）米）。斯里兰卡、印度、缅甸、泰国、越南、马来西亚、菲律宾、日本（琉球、九州）、巴布亚新几内亚和澳大利亚北部、东部直至加罗林群岛也有。
  《台湾植物志》尚载有厚叶榕树var. crassif olia (Shieh) J. C. Liao in Forest Ser. 62: 7. 1974 (＝Ficus retusa L. var. crassifolia Shieh in Quart. Journ. Taiwan Mus. 16 (3-4): 190. f. 5. 1963).产花莲，恒春半岛（鹅銮鼻）及附近岛屿（兰屿）的海岸石灰岩生境，未见标本，暂附记于此。又湖北栽培记录或系Ficus concinna (Miq.）Miq.

《Flora of China》 Vol. 5 (2003)
Ficus microcarpa  Linnaeus f.
榕树   rong shu
Ficus amblyphylla (Miquel) Miquel; F. cairnsii Warburg; F. condaravia Buchanan-Hamilton; F. littoralis Blume; F. microcarpa var. crassifolia (W. C. Shieh) Liao; F. microcarpa var. fuyuensis J. C. Liao; F. microcarpa var. oluangpiensis J. C. Liao; F. microcarpa var. pusillifolia J. C. Liao; F. retusa Linnaeus var. crassifolia W. C. Shieh; F. retusiformis H. Léveillé; F. rubra Roth; Urostigma amblyphyllum Miquel.
Trees, 15-25 m tall, crown wide, d.b.h. to 50 cm. Bark dark gray. Branches producing rust-colored aerial roots when old. Stipules lanceolate, ca. 0.8 cm. Petiole 5-10 mm, glabrous; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 4-8 × 3-4 cm, ± leathery, adaxially dark green and shiny but dark brown when dry, base cuneate, margin entire, apex ± obtuse; basal lateral veins long, secondary veins 3-10 on each side of midvein. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets or on leafless older branchlets, paired, yellow to slightly red when mature, depressed globose, 6-8 mm in diam., inside with a few short bristles among flowers, sessile; involucral bracts broadly ovate, persistent. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: scattered, sessile or pedicellate; filament as long as anther. Gall and female flowers: sepals 3, broadly ovate; style ± lateral; stigma short, clavate. Achenes ovoid. Fl. May-Jun.
Mountains, plains; below 1900 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].
This species is commonly cultivated in China as a shade tree.

【拼音名】 Rónɡ Shù
【别名】 细叶榕、成树、榕树须
【来源】 桑科榕属植物榕树Ficus microcarpa L. f.，以叶和气根（榕树须）入药。全年可采，晒干。
【性味】 叶：微苦、涩，凉。
气根：微苦、涩，凉。
【功能主治】 叶：清热，解表，化湿。用于流行性感冒，疟疾，支气管炎，急性肠炎，细菌性痢疾，百日咳。
气根：发汗，清热，透疹。用于感冒高热，扁桃体炎，风湿骨痛，跌打损伤。
【用法用量】 叶3～5钱，气根0.5～1两。
【摘录】 《全国中草药汇编》