白兰Michelia alba DC. Syst.

别名：芭兰;白兰花;白缅桂;白缅花;白玉兰;称簸迦;黄角兰;黄桶兰;缅桂;缅桂花;

科名：木兰科 Magnoliaceae

属名：含笑属 Michelia

《中国植物志》第30(1)卷157页
  3. 白兰（中国树木志） 白兰花、白玉兰 图版40: 8-14
  Michelia alba DC. Syst. 1: 449. 1818; Dandy in Not. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 16: 129. 1928; 广州植物志81. 图23. 1956; 江苏南部种子植物手册296.图470. 1959; 海南植物志1: 226. 1964; 中国高等植物图鉴793.图1585. 江苏植物志, 下册200.图1040. 1977;中国树木志484.图153. 1983; 广东植物志1: 12.图9: 8-9. 1987.——Michelia chanmpaca auct. non Linn.: 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学299. 1937.
  常绿乔木，高达17米，枝广展，呈阔伞形树冠；胸径30厘米；树皮灰色；揉枝叶有芳香；嫩枝及芽密被淡黄白色微柔毛，老时毛渐脱落。叶薄革质，长椭圆形或披针状椭圆形，长10-27厘米，宽4-9.5厘米，先端长渐尖或尾状渐尖，基部楔形，上面无毛，下面疏生微柔毛，干时两面网脉均很明显；叶柄长1.5-2厘米，疏被微柔毛；托叶痕几达叶柄中部。花白色，极香；花被片10片，披针形，长3-4厘米，宽3-5毫米；雄蕊的药隔伸出长尖头；雌蕊群被微柔毛，雌蕊群柄长约4毫米；心皮多数，通常部分不发育，成熟时随着花托的延伸，形成蓇葖疏生的聚合果；蓇葖熟时鲜红色。花期4-9月，夏季盛开，通常不结实。
  原产印度尼西亚爪哇，现广植于东南亚。我国福建、广东、广西、云南等省区栽培极盛，长江流域各省区多盆栽，在温室越冬。
  少见结实，多用嫁接繁殖，用黄兰、含笑、火力楠等为砧木；也可用空中压条或靠接繁殖。
  花洁白清香、夏秋间开放，花期长，叶色浓绿，为著名的庭园观赏树种，多栽为行道树。花可提取香精或薰茶，也可提制浸膏供药用，有行气化浊，治咳嗽等效。鲜叶可提取香油，称“白兰叶油”，可供调配香精；根皮入药：治便秘。

《Flora of China》 Vol. 7 (2008)
Michelia ×alba  Candolle Syst. Nat. 1: 449. 1817.
白兰   bai lan
Magnolia ×alba (Candolle) Figlar; Michelia ×longifolia Blume; M. ×longifolia var. racemosa Blume; Sampacca ×longifolia (Blume) Kuntze.
Trees, to 17 m tall, to 30 cm d.b.h. Bark gray. Branches and leaves fragrant after being crushed. Twigs patent, forming a broadly umbelliform crown; young twigs and buds densely pale yellowish white puberulous, trichomes gradually deciduous with age. Stipular scar nearly reaching middle of petiole. Petiole 1.5-2 cm, sparsely puberulous; leaf blade long elliptic to narrowly ovate, 10-27 × 4-9.5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially sparsely puberulous, adaxially glabrous, reticulate veins very conspicuous on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate, apex long acuminate to caudate-acuminate. Flowers very fragrant. Tepals 10, white, lanceolate, 3-4 cm × 3-5 mm. Staminal connective exserted and forming a long tip. Gynophore ca. 4 mm; gynoecium puberulous; carpels numerous, usually partly undeveloped, forming a sparsely follicular fruit as torus elongates when mature. Fl. Apr-Sep. Usually not fruiting. 2n = 38.
Cultivated. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan [native to Indonesia (Java)].
This hybrid is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally. The plant is usually not fruiting and is propagated by grafting.This hybrid is grown as an ornamental and used medicinally. The plant is usually not fruiting and is propagated by grafting.