野皂荚Gleditsia microphylla Gordon ex Y. T. Lee
野皂荚Gleditsia microphylla Gordon ex Y. T. Lee
1. 野皂荚(中国树木分类学) 山皂角、马角刺(河南),小皂角(山西),短荚皂角(河北习见树木图说)
Gleditsia microphylla Gordon ex Y. T. Lee in Journ. Arn. Arb. 57: 29. 1976. ——G. heterophylla auctt. non Raf.: Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. Sav. Etr. 2: 29. 1833; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 508. 1937; 中国主要植物图说——豆科 75, 图74. 1955;中国高等植物图鉴 2: 344, 图2418. 1972.
灌木或小乔木,高2-4米;枝灰白色至浅棕色;幼枝被短柔毛,老时脱落;刺不粗壮,长针形,长1.5-6.5厘米,有少数短小分枝。叶为一回或二回羽状复叶(具羽片2-4对),长7-16厘米;小叶5-12对,薄革质,斜卵形至长椭圆形,长6-24毫米,宽3-10毫米,植株上部的小叶远比下部的为小,先端圆钝,基部偏斜,阔楔形,边全缘,上面无毛,下面被短柔毛;叶脉在两面均不清晰;小叶柄短,长1毫米,被短柔毛。花杂性,绿白色,近无梗,簇生,组成穗状花序或顶生的圆锥花序;花序长5-12厘米,被短柔毛;苞片3,最下一片披针形,长1.5毫米,上面两片卵形,长1毫米,被柔毛;雄花:直径约5毫米;花托长约1.5毫米;萼片3-4,披针形,长2.5-3毫米;花瓣3-4,卵状长圆形,长约3毫米,与萼裂片外面均被短柔毛,里面被长柔毛;雄蕊6-8;两性花:直径约4毫米;萼裂片4,三角状披针形,长1.5-2毫米,两面被短柔毛;花瓣4,卵状长圆形,长2毫米,外面被短柔毛,里面被长柔毛;雄蕊4,与萼片对生;子房具长柄,无毛,有胚珠1-3。荚果扁薄,斜椭圆形或斜长圆形,长3-6厘米,宽1-2厘米,红棕色至深褐色,无毛,先端有纤细的短喙,果颈长1-2厘米;种子1-3颗,扁卵形或长圆形,长7-10毫米,宽6-7毫米,褐棕色,光滑。花期6-7月,果期7-10月。
产河北、山东、河南、山西、陕西、江苏、安徽。生于山坡阳处或路边,海拔130-1,300米。模式标本采自我国北部。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Gleditsia microphylla D. A. Gordon ex Y. T. Lee J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 29. 1976.
野皂荚 ye zao jia
Shrubs or small trees, 2-4 m tall. Branches grayish white to light brown; young branchlets puberulent, glabrescent when old. Spines not robust, long needlelike, 1.5-6.5 cm, with few, short branches. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate (pinnae 2-4 pairs), 7-16 cm; petiolules short, ca. 1 mm, puberulent; leaflets 5-12 pairs, obliquely ovate to oblong, 6-24 × 3-10 mm, thinly leath-ery, upper leaflets much smaller than lower ones, abaxially pu-berulent, adaxially glabrous, veins obscure on both surfaces, base oblique, broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded. Flowers polygamous, greenish white, subsessile, fascicled, in spikes or terminal panicles. Inflorescence 5-12 cm, puberulent; bracts 3, lowest lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, upper 2 ovate, ca. 1 mm, pubescent. Male flowers: ca. 5 mm in diam.; receptacle ca. 1.5 mm.; sepals 3 or 4, lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm; petals 3 or 4, ovate-oblong, ca. 3 mm, as calyx lobes puberulent outside, villous inside; stamens 6-8. Bisexual flowers: ca. 4 mm in diam.; calyx lobes 4, triangular-lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm, both sides puberulent; petals 4, ovate-oblong, ca. 2 mm, outside puberulent, inside vil-lous; stamens 4, opposite to sepals; ovary long stalked, gla-brous, 1-3-ovuled. Legume reddish brown to deep brown, obliquely elliptic or obliquely oblong, flat, thin, 3-6 × 1-2 cm, glabrous, with slender beak at apex; stipe 1-2 cm. Seeds 1-3, brownish, compressed, ovoid or oblong, 7-10 × 6-7 mm, smooth. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Oct.
● Sunny slopes, roadsides; 100-1300 m. Anhui, ?Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.
别名:短角皂荚;山皂角;山皂荚;小皂角;马角刺;胡里豆;短荚皂角;
科名:豆科 Leguminosae
属名:皂荚属 Gleditsia
《中国植物志》第39卷082页
1. 野皂荚(中国树木分类学) 山皂角、马角刺(河南),小皂角(山西),短荚皂角(河北习见树木图说)
Gleditsia microphylla Gordon ex Y. T. Lee in Journ. Arn. Arb. 57: 29. 1976. ——G. heterophylla auctt. non Raf.: Bunge in Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb. Sav. Etr. 2: 29. 1833; 陈嵘, 中国树木分类学 508. 1937; 中国主要植物图说——豆科 75, 图74. 1955;中国高等植物图鉴 2: 344, 图2418. 1972.
灌木或小乔木,高2-4米;枝灰白色至浅棕色;幼枝被短柔毛,老时脱落;刺不粗壮,长针形,长1.5-6.5厘米,有少数短小分枝。叶为一回或二回羽状复叶(具羽片2-4对),长7-16厘米;小叶5-12对,薄革质,斜卵形至长椭圆形,长6-24毫米,宽3-10毫米,植株上部的小叶远比下部的为小,先端圆钝,基部偏斜,阔楔形,边全缘,上面无毛,下面被短柔毛;叶脉在两面均不清晰;小叶柄短,长1毫米,被短柔毛。花杂性,绿白色,近无梗,簇生,组成穗状花序或顶生的圆锥花序;花序长5-12厘米,被短柔毛;苞片3,最下一片披针形,长1.5毫米,上面两片卵形,长1毫米,被柔毛;雄花:直径约5毫米;花托长约1.5毫米;萼片3-4,披针形,长2.5-3毫米;花瓣3-4,卵状长圆形,长约3毫米,与萼裂片外面均被短柔毛,里面被长柔毛;雄蕊6-8;两性花:直径约4毫米;萼裂片4,三角状披针形,长1.5-2毫米,两面被短柔毛;花瓣4,卵状长圆形,长2毫米,外面被短柔毛,里面被长柔毛;雄蕊4,与萼片对生;子房具长柄,无毛,有胚珠1-3。荚果扁薄,斜椭圆形或斜长圆形,长3-6厘米,宽1-2厘米,红棕色至深褐色,无毛,先端有纤细的短喙,果颈长1-2厘米;种子1-3颗,扁卵形或长圆形,长7-10毫米,宽6-7毫米,褐棕色,光滑。花期6-7月,果期7-10月。
产河北、山东、河南、山西、陕西、江苏、安徽。生于山坡阳处或路边,海拔130-1,300米。模式标本采自我国北部。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Gleditsia microphylla D. A. Gordon ex Y. T. Lee J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 29. 1976.
野皂荚 ye zao jia
Shrubs or small trees, 2-4 m tall. Branches grayish white to light brown; young branchlets puberulent, glabrescent when old. Spines not robust, long needlelike, 1.5-6.5 cm, with few, short branches. Leaves pinnate or bipinnate (pinnae 2-4 pairs), 7-16 cm; petiolules short, ca. 1 mm, puberulent; leaflets 5-12 pairs, obliquely ovate to oblong, 6-24 × 3-10 mm, thinly leath-ery, upper leaflets much smaller than lower ones, abaxially pu-berulent, adaxially glabrous, veins obscure on both surfaces, base oblique, broadly cuneate, margin entire, apex rounded. Flowers polygamous, greenish white, subsessile, fascicled, in spikes or terminal panicles. Inflorescence 5-12 cm, puberulent; bracts 3, lowest lanceolate, ca. 1.5 mm, upper 2 ovate, ca. 1 mm, pubescent. Male flowers: ca. 5 mm in diam.; receptacle ca. 1.5 mm.; sepals 3 or 4, lanceolate, 2.5-3 mm; petals 3 or 4, ovate-oblong, ca. 3 mm, as calyx lobes puberulent outside, villous inside; stamens 6-8. Bisexual flowers: ca. 4 mm in diam.; calyx lobes 4, triangular-lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm, both sides puberulent; petals 4, ovate-oblong, ca. 2 mm, outside puberulent, inside vil-lous; stamens 4, opposite to sepals; ovary long stalked, gla-brous, 1-3-ovuled. Legume reddish brown to deep brown, obliquely elliptic or obliquely oblong, flat, thin, 3-6 × 1-2 cm, glabrous, with slender beak at apex; stipe 1-2 cm. Seeds 1-3, brownish, compressed, ovoid or oblong, 7-10 × 6-7 mm, smooth. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Jul-Oct.
● Sunny slopes, roadsides; 100-1300 m. Anhui, ?Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi.
- 野皂荚对NaCl胁迫的生理响应及耐盐性
- 野皂荚胚乳细胞多糖胶破壁释放过程研究
- 野皂荚资源分布及开发利用
- 野皂荚生物学特性的初步观察
- 吕梁山南端野皂荚群落特征的初步研究
- 太行山南端野皂荚群落数量分析
- 太行山南端野皂荚群落物种多样性
- 野皂荚豆及其化学成分的研究
- 野皂荚的开发价值及培植技术
- 辽西野皂荚的群组特征与生态利用
- 山西省野皂荚群落数量生态研究
- 太行山南端野皂荚群落数量生态学研究
- 野皂荚种子催芽技术研究
- 野皂荚嫁接改良技术
- 涉县野皂荚的开发利用价值及栽培技术
- 野皂荚种子萌发特性研究
- 野皂荚的生物学特性及播种造林
- 石灰岩山地野皂荚灌丛水保功能及营造技术研究
- 皂荚多糖胶分级纯化表征及微水固相法改性研究
- 皂角刺与其伪品野皂荚刺的鉴别
- 野皂荚多糖胶与黄原胶复配增效作用研究
- 太行山南端野皂荚群落优势种群的分布格局
- 从野皂荚提胶后的副产物中制备分离蛋白
- 凌源野皂荚生物、生态学特性调查与资源利用探讨
- 野皂荚枝干刨花板热压工艺的研究
- 辽西青龙河流域发现天然野皂荚灌木林
- 野皂荚嫁接皂荚技术研究
- 基于改接皂荚的野皂荚林改造模式研究
- 微波—酶法从野皂荚胶制备半乳甘露低聚糖技术研究
- 干旱胁迫对丽豆等3种灌木保护酶活性的影响