栏目

黄檀Dalbergia hupeana Hance

黄檀Dalbergia hupeana Hance

别名:水檀;檀;硬檀柴;山檀;黄檀头;等水檀;倒钩藤;担杆树;檀花;山檀子;不知春;山槐;上海黄檀;檀木子;檀树芽;檀树;不知青;檀木;白檀;望水檀;湖北黄檀;春不知;

科名:豆科 Leguminosae

属名:黄檀属 Dalbergia

《中国植物志》第40卷119页
  24.黄檀(亨利氏中国经济植物)白檀(亨利氏中国植物名录),檀木、檀树、望水檀、不知春
  Dalbergia hupeana Hance in Journ. Bot. 20: 5. 1882; Forb. et Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 23: 198. 1887; Hance in Hook. Icon. Pl. 3rd. ser. 10, 20: pl. 1968. 1891; Harms in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29: 416. 1900; Prain in Journ. As. Beng. 70 (2): 53. 1901;中国主要植物图说·豆科574.图560. 1955;广州植物志345. 1956.
  乔木,高10-20米;树皮暗灰色,呈薄片状剥落。幼枝淡绿色,无毛。羽状复叶长15-25厘米;小叶3-5对,近革质,椭圆形至长圆状椭圆形,长3.5-6厘米,宽2.5-4厘米,先端钝.或稍凹入,基部圆形或阔楔形,两面无毛,细脉隆起,上面有光泽。圆锥花序顶生或生于最上部的叶腋间,连总花梗长15-20厘米,径10-20厘米,疏被锈色短柔毛;花密集,长6-7毫米;花梗长约5毫米,与花萼同疏被锈色柔毛;基生和副萼状小苞片卵形,被柔毛,脱落;花萼钟状,长2-3毫米,萼齿5,上方2枚阔圆形,近合生,侧方的卵形,最下一枚披针形,长为其余4枚之倍;花冠白色或淡紫色,长倍于花萼,各瓣均具柄,旗瓣圆形,先端微缺,翼瓣倒卵形,龙骨瓣关月形,与翼瓣内侧均具耳;雄蕊10,成5+5的二体;子房具短柄,除基部与子房柄外,无毛,胚珠2-3粒,花柱纤细,柱头小,头状。荚果长圆形或阔舌状,长4-7厘米,宽13-15毫米,顶端急尖,基部渐狭成果颈,果瓣薄革质,对种子部分有网纹,有1-2 (-3)粒种子;种子肾形,长7-14毫米,宽5-9毫米。花期5-7月。
  产山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、广西、四川、贵州、云南。生于山地林中或灌丛中,山沟溪旁及有小树林的坡地常见,海拔600-1400米。模式标本采自湖北宜昌。
  本种在我国分布颇广。木材黄色或白色,材质坚密,能耐强力冲撞,常用作车轴、榨油机轴心、枪托、各种工具柄等;根药用,可治疗疮。
形态特征:乔木,高10-17米;树皮灰色。羽状复叶;小叶9-11,矩圆形或宽椭圆形,长3-5.5厘米,宽1.5-3厘米,先端钝,微缺,基部圆形;叶轴及小叶柄有白色疏柔毛;托叶早落。圆锥花序顶生或生在上部叶腋间;花梗有锈色疏毛;萼钟状,萼齿5,不等,最下面1个披针形,较长,上面2个宽卵形,连合,两侧2个卵形,较短,有锈色柔毛;花冠淡紫色或白色;雄蕊(5+5)二组。荚果矩圆形,扁长,长3-7厘米,有种子1-3粒。
分    布:安徽、江苏、浙江、江西、四川等、
生    境:石山坡灌丛中
繁殖方式:种子
习    性:阳生
药用部位:树皮
药用功能:消炎解毒
药用主治:消炎解毒

《Flora of China》 Vol. 10 (2010)
Dalbergia hupeana  Hance J. Bot. 20: 5. 1882.
黄檀   huang tan
Dalbergia hupeana var. bauhiniifolia Pampanini; D. sacer-dotum Prain.
Trees, 10-20 m tall. Bark dull gray; young shoots pale green, glabrous. Leaves 15-25 cm; leaflets 7-11, elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 3.5-6 × 2.5-4 cm, subleathery, both surfaces glabrous, shiny adaxially, veinlets prominent, base rounded or broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or slightly emarginate. Panicles terminal or extending into axils of uppermost leaves, 15-20 × 10-20 cm, sparsely rusty puberulent. Flowers 6-7 mm. Ped-icel ca. 5 mm, sparsely rusty puberulent as calyx; bracts and bracteoles deciduous, ovate, pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 2-3 mm, 5-toothed; upper pair of teeth rounded, subconnate, lateral 2 smaller, ovate, lowest tooth lanceolate, ca. 2 × as long as others. Corolla white or light purple; petals clawed; standard orbicular, emarginate; wings obovate and half-moon-shaped; keel auriculate on upper side below. Stamens 10, dia-delphous (5+5). Ovary shortly stipitate, glabrous except at base and stipe, 2- or 3-ovuled; style slender; stigma capitate, small. Legume oblong or broadly ligulate, 4-7 × 1.3-1.5 cm, thinly leathery, reticulate opposite 1 or 2(or 3) seeds, base attenuate to stipe, apex acute. Seeds reniform, 7-14 × 5-9 mm. Fl. May-Jul.
● Forests, among bushes on mountain slopes, ravines, by streams, woodland slopes; 800-1400 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang.

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