黄牛木Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Bl.
黄牛木Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Bl.
1.黄牛木（海南植物志）黄牛茶（广东）、雀笼木（海南），黄芽木、狗（九）芽木、（山狗芽）、鹧鸪木、水杧果、节节花、满天红（广西）、茶咯桌、美启烈（广西壮语），梅低优（云南西双版纳傣语）图版17：1-4
Cratoaylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 17. 1852; Corner, Gard. Bull. Str. Settl. 10: 26-27,34. 1939; Gogelin in. Blumea 15 (2): 4 63. 1967. ——Hypericum cochinchinense Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 471. 1790.——H. chinense Retz. Observ, 5: 27. 1789, non Linn. 1759, nec Osbeck 1757. ——C. chinense Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 4: 292. 1909. ——C. ligustrinum Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 16. 1852: Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 130. 1929, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 24(2): 268. 1935; Corner,; Gard. Bull. Str. Sett1. 10: 34. 1939;海南植物志2, 53. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 8 81, f .3492. 1972.——C. Polyanthum Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 1: 75,t. 36. 1842; Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 16. 1852; Dyer in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 257. 1874: Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 43 (2): 85. 18 74 et For. Fl. Brit. Burma 1: 84. 1877: King in. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 59 (2): 145. 1890: Gagnep. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 290. 1910: Ridl. Fl. Mal, Pen. 1: 152. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 1 12. 1925. ——C. polyanthum Korth. var. ligustrinum Dyer in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 257. 1874.
落叶灌木或乔木，高1.5-18 (-25)米，全体无毛，树干下部有簇生的长枝刺；树皮灰黄色或灰褐色，平滑或有细条纹。枝条对生，幼枝略扁，无毛，淡红色，节上叶柄间线痕连续或间有中断。叶片椭圆形至长椭圆形或披针形，长3-10.5厘米，宽1-4厘米，先端骤然锐尖或渐尖，基部钝形至楔形，坚纸质，两面无毛，上面绿色，下面粉绿色，有透明腺点及黑点，中脉在上面凹陷，下面凸起，侧脉每边8-12条，两面凸起，斜展，末端不呈弧形闭合，小脉网状，两面凸起；叶柄长2-3毫米，无毛。聚伞花序腋生或腋外生及顶生，有花（1-）2-3朵，具梗；总梗长3-10毫米或以上。花直径1-1.5厘米；花梗长2-3毫米。萼片椭圆形，长5-7毫米，宽2-5毫米，先端圆形，全面有黑色纵腺条，果时增大。花瓣粉红、深红至红黄色，倒卵形，长5-10毫米，宽2.5-5毫米，先端圆形，基部楔形，脉间有黑腺纹，无鳞片。雄蕊束3，长4-8毫米，柄宽扁至细长。下位肉质腺体长圆形至倒卵形，盔状，长达3毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，顶端增厚反曲。子房圆锥形，长3毫米，无毛，3室；花柱3，线形，自基部叉开，长2毫米。蒴果椭圆形，长8-12毫米，宽4-5毫米，棕色，无毛，被宿存的花萼包被达2/3以上。种子每室（5-）6-8颗，倒卵形，长6-8毫米，宽2-3毫米，基部具爪，不对称，一侧具翅。花期4-5月，果期6月以后。
产广东、广西及云南南部。生于丘陵或山地的干燥阳坡上的次生林或灌丛中，海拔1240米以下，能耐干旱，萌发力强。缅甸、泰国、越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚至菲律宾也有。模式标本采自越南。
本种材质坚硬，纹理精致，供雕刻用；幼果供作烹调香料；根、树皮及嫩叶入药，治感冒、腹泻；嫩叶尚可作茶叶代用品。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Loureiro) Blume
黄牛木 huang niu mu
Hypericum cochinchinense Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 472. 1790; Ancistrolobus ligustrinus Spach; Cratoxylum biflorum (Lamarck) Turczaninow; C. chinense Merrill; C. ligustrinum (Spach) Blume; C. petiolatum Blume; C. polyanthum Korthals; C. polyanthum var. ligustrinum (Spach) Dyer; Elodes chinensis (Retzius) Hance; H. biflorum Lamarck (1797), not Choisy (1821); H. chinense Retzius (1788), not Osbeck (1757), nor Linnaeus (1759); Oxycarpus cochinchinensis Loureiro; Stalagmites erosipetala Miquel.
Shrubs or trees, deciduous, 1.5-18(-25) m tall, glabrous. Trunk with clusters of long thorns on lower part. Bark gray-yellow or gray-brown, smooth or finely striate. Twigs somewhat compressed, glabrous and pink when young, interpetiolar scars not always continuous. Petiole 2-3 mm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, elliptic to oblong or lanceolate, 3-10.5 × 1-4 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially with pellucid or dark glands, midvein abaxially raised, adaxially impressed; secondary veins 8-12 pairs, oblique, not or irregularly joining at the margins; veins and veinlets reticulate, raised on both surfaces, base obtuse to cuneate, apex abruptly acute or acuminate. Cymes axillary or extra-axillary and terminal, (1 or)2 or 3-flowered, pedunculate; peduncles 3-10 mm or longer. Pedicel 2-3 mm. Flowers 1-1.5 cm in diam. Sepals accrescent, oblong, 5-7 × 2-5 mm, with dark linear glands on entire surface, apex rounded. Petals deep crimson to pink or pinkish yellow, obovate, 5-10 × 2.5-5 mm, with dark linear glands between veins, base cuneate, apex rounded; petal-scale absent. Stamen fascicles 4-8 mm, stalk broad to slender, with 40-55 stamens. Fasciclodes oblong to obovate, cucullate, to 3 × 1-1.5 mm, apex thickened and recurved; connective with gland or not. Ovary conic, ca. 3 mm, glabrous; styles ca. 2 mm. Capsule brown, ellipsoid, 0.8-1.2 cm × 4-5 mm, to 2/3 covered by persistent calyx. Seeds (5 or)6-8 per locule, 6-8 × 2-3 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. after Jun.
Secondary forests, thickets, dry sunny mountain slopes, hills; below 1200 m. S Guangdong, S Guangxi, S Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
This plant is xerophilous. The wood is hard and valuable for woodcuts. The young fruit is used as a spice for cooking. The roots, bark, and twigs are used as a medicine for colds and diarrhea. The young leaves are used a substitute for tea.
别名：山狗芽;水杧果;满天红;黄芽木;(山狗芽);茶咯桌;黄牛茶;节节花;鹧鸪木;狗(九)芽木;黄牛檀;越南黄牛木;美启烈;黄液;黄牛角;狗;黄耳木;雀笼木;黄中木;梅低优;
科名：藤黄科 Guttiferae
属名：黄牛木属 Cratoxylum
1.黄牛木（海南植物志）黄牛茶（广东）、雀笼木（海南），黄芽木、狗（九）芽木、（山狗芽）、鹧鸪木、水杧果、节节花、满天红（广西）、茶咯桌、美启烈（广西壮语），梅低优（云南西双版纳傣语）图版17：1-4
Cratoaylum cochinchinense (Lour.) Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 17. 1852; Corner, Gard. Bull. Str. Settl. 10: 26-27,34. 1939; Gogelin in. Blumea 15 (2): 4 63. 1967. ——Hypericum cochinchinense Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 471. 1790.——H. chinense Retz. Observ, 5: 27. 1789, non Linn. 1759, nec Osbeck 1757. ——C. chinense Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 4: 292. 1909. ——C. ligustrinum Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 16. 1852: Merr. in Lingnan Sci. Journ. 5: 130. 1929, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 24(2): 268. 1935; Corner,; Gard. Bull. Str. Sett1. 10: 34. 1939;海南植物志2, 53. 1965; 中国高等植物图鉴2: 8 81, f .3492. 1972.——C. Polyanthum Korth., Verh. Nat. Gesch. Bot. 1: 75,t. 36. 1842; Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: 16. 1852; Dyer in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 257. 1874: Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 43 (2): 85. 18 74 et For. Fl. Brit. Burma 1: 84. 1877: King in. Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. 59 (2): 145. 1890: Gagnep. in Lecte. Fl. Gen. Indo-Chine 1: 290. 1910: Ridl. Fl. Mal, Pen. 1: 152. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 1: 1 12. 1925. ——C. polyanthum Korth. var. ligustrinum Dyer in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 1: 257. 1874.
落叶灌木或乔木，高1.5-18 (-25)米，全体无毛，树干下部有簇生的长枝刺；树皮灰黄色或灰褐色，平滑或有细条纹。枝条对生，幼枝略扁，无毛，淡红色，节上叶柄间线痕连续或间有中断。叶片椭圆形至长椭圆形或披针形，长3-10.5厘米，宽1-4厘米，先端骤然锐尖或渐尖，基部钝形至楔形，坚纸质，两面无毛，上面绿色，下面粉绿色，有透明腺点及黑点，中脉在上面凹陷，下面凸起，侧脉每边8-12条，两面凸起，斜展，末端不呈弧形闭合，小脉网状，两面凸起；叶柄长2-3毫米，无毛。聚伞花序腋生或腋外生及顶生，有花（1-）2-3朵，具梗；总梗长3-10毫米或以上。花直径1-1.5厘米；花梗长2-3毫米。萼片椭圆形，长5-7毫米，宽2-5毫米，先端圆形，全面有黑色纵腺条，果时增大。花瓣粉红、深红至红黄色，倒卵形，长5-10毫米，宽2.5-5毫米，先端圆形，基部楔形，脉间有黑腺纹，无鳞片。雄蕊束3，长4-8毫米，柄宽扁至细长。下位肉质腺体长圆形至倒卵形，盔状，长达3毫米，宽1-1.5毫米，顶端增厚反曲。子房圆锥形，长3毫米，无毛，3室；花柱3，线形，自基部叉开，长2毫米。蒴果椭圆形，长8-12毫米，宽4-5毫米，棕色，无毛，被宿存的花萼包被达2/3以上。种子每室（5-）6-8颗，倒卵形，长6-8毫米，宽2-3毫米，基部具爪，不对称，一侧具翅。花期4-5月，果期6月以后。
产广东、广西及云南南部。生于丘陵或山地的干燥阳坡上的次生林或灌丛中，海拔1240米以下，能耐干旱，萌发力强。缅甸、泰国、越南、马来西亚、印度尼西亚至菲律宾也有。模式标本采自越南。
本种材质坚硬，纹理精致，供雕刻用；幼果供作烹调香料；根、树皮及嫩叶入药，治感冒、腹泻；嫩叶尚可作茶叶代用品。
《Flora of China》 Vol. 13 (2007)
Cratoxylum cochinchinense (Loureiro) Blume
黄牛木 huang niu mu
Hypericum cochinchinense Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 2: 472. 1790; Ancistrolobus ligustrinus Spach; Cratoxylum biflorum (Lamarck) Turczaninow; C. chinense Merrill; C. ligustrinum (Spach) Blume; C. petiolatum Blume; C. polyanthum Korthals; C. polyanthum var. ligustrinum (Spach) Dyer; Elodes chinensis (Retzius) Hance; H. biflorum Lamarck (1797), not Choisy (1821); H. chinense Retzius (1788), not Osbeck (1757), nor Linnaeus (1759); Oxycarpus cochinchinensis Loureiro; Stalagmites erosipetala Miquel.
Shrubs or trees, deciduous, 1.5-18(-25) m tall, glabrous. Trunk with clusters of long thorns on lower part. Bark gray-yellow or gray-brown, smooth or finely striate. Twigs somewhat compressed, glabrous and pink when young, interpetiolar scars not always continuous. Petiole 2-3 mm, glabrous; leaf blade abaxially gray-green, adaxially green, elliptic to oblong or lanceolate, 3-10.5 × 1-4 cm, papery, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially with pellucid or dark glands, midvein abaxially raised, adaxially impressed; secondary veins 8-12 pairs, oblique, not or irregularly joining at the margins; veins and veinlets reticulate, raised on both surfaces, base obtuse to cuneate, apex abruptly acute or acuminate. Cymes axillary or extra-axillary and terminal, (1 or)2 or 3-flowered, pedunculate; peduncles 3-10 mm or longer. Pedicel 2-3 mm. Flowers 1-1.5 cm in diam. Sepals accrescent, oblong, 5-7 × 2-5 mm, with dark linear glands on entire surface, apex rounded. Petals deep crimson to pink or pinkish yellow, obovate, 5-10 × 2.5-5 mm, with dark linear glands between veins, base cuneate, apex rounded; petal-scale absent. Stamen fascicles 4-8 mm, stalk broad to slender, with 40-55 stamens. Fasciclodes oblong to obovate, cucullate, to 3 × 1-1.5 mm, apex thickened and recurved; connective with gland or not. Ovary conic, ca. 3 mm, glabrous; styles ca. 2 mm. Capsule brown, ellipsoid, 0.8-1.2 cm × 4-5 mm, to 2/3 covered by persistent calyx. Seeds (5 or)6-8 per locule, 6-8 × 2-3 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. after Jun.
Secondary forests, thickets, dry sunny mountain slopes, hills; below 1200 m. S Guangdong, S Guangxi, S Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
This plant is xerophilous. The wood is hard and valuable for woodcuts. The young fruit is used as a spice for cooking. The roots, bark, and twigs are used as a medicine for colds and diarrhea. The young leaves are used a substitute for tea.